{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:12:28Z","timestamp":1779905548568,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]],"date-time":"2016-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>At least 10 closed venereology wards existed in the GDR. To this date, the history of these wards has not yet been investigated thoroughly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The history of the closed venereology wards in the GDR will be reconstructed by taking those in Halle (Saale) and Leipzig\u2010Thonberg as examples. At the centre of the examination are the daily routines, the medical treatment and the education of the women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive archival research was conducted and the historical sources were critically evaluated. Moreover, interviews were held with women who had been admitted against their will as well as with former physicians, nurses and administrative staff members of the closed venereology wards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In most cases, the women were taken at random and admitted to the closed venereology wards by the police. They were not informed about the purpose, type and possible side\u2010effects of their medical treatment. It was performed without their consent and therefore constituted a violation of their physical integrity. Even though 70% of the women had not been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), all of them had to undergo a gynaecological examination on a daily basis. The daily routine was strict, and the women were kept under surveillance. The wards had the \u2018educative\u2019 goal of transforming the women into \u2018socialist personalities\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The women in the closed venereology wards fell victim to politicized medicine. Put differently, medical care was supplemented with educational intentions and concepts, the purpose of which was to transform \u2018suffering persons\u2019 into \u2018socialist personalities\u2019. This disciplinary system was based on terror. The closed venereology wards were not all alike; in some wards the women had to carry out chores on a daily basis (Halle\/Saale), while in other wards they were detained and isolated from the outside world (Leipzig\u2010Thonberg).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]],"date-time":"2016-06-10T09:48:30Z","timestamp":1465552110000},"page":"1814-1818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Closed venereology wards in the GDR"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Schochow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t Institut f\u00fcr Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin der Martin\u2010Luther\u2010Universit\u00e4t Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Steger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t Institut f\u00fcr Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin der Martin\u2010Luther\u2010Universit\u00e4t Halle\u2010Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"932","article-title":"Zur Bedeutung der Verh\u00fctungs\u2010 und Bek\u00e4mpfungsma\u00dfnahmen von Geschlechtskrankheiten in der DDR bei \u2018uneinsichtigen Gef\u00e4hrdeten und Kranken\u2019","volume":"156","author":"Elste G","year":"1970","journal-title":"Dermatologische Monatsschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Prophylaxe im industriellen Ballungsgebiet Halle. Beitrag des kommunalen Gesundheitswesens der Stadt Halle und der Martin\u2010Luther\u2010Universit\u00e4t Halle\u2010Wittenberg zum 30. Jahrestag der Gr\u00fcndung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik","author":"M\u00fcnx G","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32745\/9783954664559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-49092-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"VEB Bordell. Geschichte der Prostitution in der DDR","author":"Falck U","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Gesetzblatt der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Teil II","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"\u2018Sozialistische Wohlfahrt\u2019. Die staatliche Sozialf\u00fcrsorge in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und der DDR (1945\u20131990)","author":"Willing M","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Erinnerungsr\u00e4ume. Formen und Wandlungen des kulturellen Ged\u00e4chtnisses","author":"Assmann A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HZA led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) December 11 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. LPA led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) December 11 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"German Federal Archives BArch Best.DQ 1. Nr. 4228 unpag. Hausordnung pp.1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Geschlossene Heimunterbringung im Kontext sozialistischer Erziehung in der DDR","author":"Eckardt P","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HZH led by Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) May 13 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HPC led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) January 29 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HZB led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) January 9 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Systematische Dermatologie und Grenzgebiete","author":"Gertler W","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HPE led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) January 30 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. HPA led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) December 11 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mrs. LPK led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) November 26 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Interview with Mr. HZG led by Florian Steger and Maximilian Schochow Halle (Saale) April 8 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"Behavioral Interventions for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases","author":"Aral S. O","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","volume-title":"The Politics of Fertility in Twentieth\u2010Century Berlin","author":"Timm A. F","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30820\/9783837969108","volume-title":"Verborgene Wunden. 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