{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:55:04Z","timestamp":1791276904662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotics are among the most frequent causes of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ); patch testing may be an important tool in their evaluation and management. We assessed the role of patch testing as a diagnostic tool in non\u2010immediate\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to antibiotics, and evaluated cross\u2010reactivity among them.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We reviewed data from all patients with non\u2010immediate\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      attributed to antibiotics, which were patch tested between 2000 and 2014 at our dermatology department.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patch tests were performed in 260 patients, and showed overall reactivity to antibiotics of 21.5%, especially in the context of drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRESS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) (31.6%), maculopapular exanthema (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) (21.8%), Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis (20%) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) (18.1%). Patch test reactivity was higher for amoxicillin, mainly in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRESS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (44.4%) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (25.6%), and dicloxacillin (50% in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 37.5% in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Reactivity to clindamycin occurred, especially in the setting of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (23.2%). In\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRESS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , patch tests were useful in detecting reactivity to quinolones (50\u2013100%). Overall reactivity was lower for vancomycin (9.1%), co\u2010trimoxazole (8.6%), macrolides (4.8%) and cephalosporins (4.4%). Positive patch tests for more than one antibiotic occurred in 29\/56 cases (51.8%), mostly explained by cross\u2010reactions. Twenty of 24 cases reacted to both amoxicillin and ampicillin. All five cases reacting to ciprofloxacin cross\u2010reacted with other quinolones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although oral rechallenge is considered the gold standard for confirming drug imputability in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , patch testing could be suggested as a first choice in the study of non\u2010immediate reactions, since it is a safe and valuable procedure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T13:04:36Z","timestamp":1470143076000},"page":"280-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Patch testing \u2013 a valuable tool for investigating 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