{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:39:25Z","timestamp":1793482765538,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cutaneous leishmaniasis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in Iran is mainly caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Arginase mediated L\u2010arginine metabolism is an important issue in\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasite propagation. Arginase activity in human\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      due to\n                      <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                      have not been studied up to now.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory aspects of acute and chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , focussing on arginase activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case\u2013control study, 30 patients with acute\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (duration \u2264 1 year), 13 patients with chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (duration \u2265 2 year) and 11 healthy controls were recruited. Arginase activity was measured in skin biopsies of lesions, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) and plasma by standard methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median of arginase activity in the acute lesions was higher than in chronic samples and significantly higher than in healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008).\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s of both acute and chronic patients showed higher levels of arginase activity as compared to the levels in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s and plasma. The median of arginase activity in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s of patients with chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was higher than that of patients with acute\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The level of arginase activity in lesions of patients with acute and chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was higher than the skin of healthy controls. The highest level of arginase activity was observed in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s from patients with chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . This suggests that the high level of arginase activity in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s of patients with chronic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      may contribute to the chronicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T03:35:25Z","timestamp":1469072125000},"page":"2118-2121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparing acute and chronic human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by\n                    <i>Leishmania major<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Leishmania tropica<\/i>\n                    focusing on arginase activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Mortazavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sadeghipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Taslimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Habibzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Zahedifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General surgery and Plastic surgery Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kamyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ghandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Rasoul\u2010e\u2010Akram Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Reza Tohidinik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Gonabad University of medical sciences Gonabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology Department of Medicine Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kropf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology Department of Medicine Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(11)70134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Interferon\u2010? production and leishmanin skin test in non\u2010healing cutaneous leishmaniasis compared with healed individuals","volume":"5","author":"Mortazavi H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Iranian J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.6085-6090.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.6.777"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3416fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.2877-2881.1998","article-title":"A nested\u2010PCR\u2010based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"Noyes HA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001977"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-8012-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001684"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","volume-title":"Weedon's Skin Pathology","author":"Patterson J","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-11-010389"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003484"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200209)32:9<2450::AID-IMMU2450>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09766.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051224"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.13838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.13838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.13838","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdv.13838","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.13838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:37:14Z","timestamp":1791275834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.13838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.13838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13838","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]}}}