{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T04:20:41Z","timestamp":1695529241770},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,20]],"date-time":"2016-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fumaric acid esters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>) have been used for over 30 years in the management of psoriasis. There have been a number of case reports linking the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content> with nephrotoxicity, including acute renal injury and Fanconi syndrome. However, one large multicentre retrospective trial showed no evidence of renal dysfunction with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the number of patients in our institution being treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content> who developed significant proteinuria or renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a single\u2010centre retrospective study assessing all patients on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content> who attended for follow\u2010up during an 18\u2010week period between February and June 2015. Demographics, comorbidities, duration and dose of treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>, proteinuria, renal function and other biochemical serum abnormalities were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty\u2010seven patients were included in the study. Eighty\u2010two patients had proteinuria detected at some stage during treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>, and 18 of these had persistent proteinuria (positive in at least three consecutive specimens, 12 weeks apart). Six patients (five female) developed proximal tubular dysfunction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTD<\/jats:styled-content>). The risk factors for the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTD<\/jats:styled-content> appear to be lower bodyweight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), higher dose per weight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) and longer duration of treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Renal dysfunction improved on discontinuation or dose reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fumaric acid esters are frequently associated with transient or persistent proteinuria. Significant renal dysfunction is rare and usually reversible on dose reduction or discontinuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content>. This study highlights the importance of screening for proteinuria. Higher doses per weight of treatment and longer duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAE<\/jats:styled-content> therapy are likely risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T03:38:45Z","timestamp":1479699525000},"page":"686-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Renal dysfunction in patients taking fumaric acid esters \u2013 a retrospective cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Menzies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 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