{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:31:43Z","timestamp":1790688703269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chronic skin condition actinic keratosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>) is characterized by the formation of keratotic lesions of variable thickness that are poorly delimited. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> occurs on areas of the skin that have had long\u2010term exposure to the sun or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content> radiation. Although <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>s may regress, they usually persist and can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>). Clinicians are unable to predict which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>s will progress; therefore, both clinically visible lesions and subclinical, non\u2010visible (i.e. the entire area affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>\/field cancerization) should be treated. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> treatment options include lesion\u2010directed therapies that target specific <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions and field\u2010directed therapies that target multiple clinical lesions and the underlying field damage. This article reviews currently available treatment options in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>, with a focus on patient\u2010applied field therapies, and their suitability according to specific disease characteristics and patient needs. Choice of treatment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> depends on lesion\u2010, patient\u2010 and treatment\u2010related factors and should be individualized. Considerations when choosing a therapy include site of application, treatment duration, surface area of application, tolerability profiles and implications on adherence. Field\u2010directed therapies treat clinical and subclinical damage (i.e. the entire area affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>), achieve high rates of sustained clearance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>s and may reduce the risk of progression to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>. There is a clear need for field therapies with short duration of treatment and predictable, short\u2010lived, mild local skin reactions that can be used over a large surface area. Therapies with shorter and simpler treatment courses are often associated with better adherence than treatments with longer courses. These may, therefore, represent more appropriate choices in patients for whom convenience and\/or adherence are an issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T11:50:31Z","timestamp":1488801031000},"page":"12-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Treatment considerations in actinic keratosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12434"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"3604","article-title":"p53 mutations in nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck: molecular evidence for field cancerization","volume":"55","author":"Kanjilal S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12420"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.09.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12848"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"What is the role of field\u2010directed therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis? 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