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The differential diagnosis is wide, and the treatment is sometimes difficult and varies by stage of rosacea. For erythematous lesions and telangiectasia, intense pulsed light (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPL<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy and lasers are popular treatment option. In addition, a vasoconstrictor agent, brimonidine, has recently been developed. For papulopustular rosacea, topical antibiotics, topical and systemic retinoids, as well as systemic antibiotics are used. A topical acaricidal agent, ivermectin, has undergone clinical development and is now on the market. In the later stages, hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands develops, resulting in phymatous growths such as the frequently observed bulbous nose or rhinophyma. Ablative laser treatments have largely replaced classical abrasive tools. Here, we reviewed the current evidence on the treatment of rosacea, provide a guideline (S1 level) and discuss the differential diagnosis of rosacea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1503374920000},"page":"1775-1791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Swiss S1 guideline for the treatment of rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Anzengruber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Czernielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Feldmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Inselspital University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Yawalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Inselspital University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"H\u00e4usermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cozzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Mainetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Goldblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"L\u00e4uchli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Imhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Lucerne Cantonal Hospital Lucerne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Laffitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Navarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSN.0000000000000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of skin diseases in a population; 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