{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:12:21Z","timestamp":1791843141922,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century to explain the origin of eukaryotic organelles from prokaryotes, endosymbiosis is now medically defined by various interaction patterns between microorganisms and their residing hosts, best exemplified by the bacterial endosymbiont <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> identified in arthropods and filarial nematodes, which can influence normal development, reproduction, survival and transmission of the hosts. Based on the transmission modes, vertical or horizontal, and the function of the endosymbionts, the host\u2013symbiont dependence can be divided into primary or secondary. In dermatology, the role of endosymbionts in skin ectoparasitosis has aroused great interests in the past years. <jats:italic>Riesia pediculicola<\/jats:italic> is a primary bacterial endosymbiont in body lice <jats:italic>Pediculus humanus<\/jats:italic>, and supplement their hosts with vitamin B, especially pantothenic acid. In cimicosis, the Gram\u2010negative <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> can synthesize biotin and riboflavin, which are crucial for the growth and reproduction of the bedbug <jats:italic>Cimex lectularius<\/jats:italic>. In human demodicosis and rosacea, further study is required to prove the pathogenic role of the Gram\u2010negative bacteria <jats:italic>Bacillus oleronius<\/jats:italic> or the Gram\u2010positive bacteria <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> demonstrated in the <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> mites. The high infection rate of adult female ticks <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic> with the Gram\u2010negative bacteria <jats:italic>Midichloria mitochondrii<\/jats:italic> present in the mitochondria in diverse ovarian cells, with the high seroprevalence rate in tick\u2010exposed subjects, raises the possibility that this non\u2010pathogenic endosymbiont may play a role in immune response and successful transmission of the tick\u2010borne pathogen. The anaerobic protozoan <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> and bacteria <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> are two obligate parasites in the urogenital epithelium, with partially overlapping symptoms. Intracellular localization of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> can avoid host immune response and penetration of antibiotics, while <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> infected with <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic> seems to have a higher cytopathic activity and amoeboid transformation rate. Further study on the biology and pathogenesis of different endosymbionts in dermatological parasitosis will help for the development of new treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T19:59:45Z","timestamp":1512158385000},"page":"347-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Faculty of Health Sciences Warmia and Mazury University Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sielawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Faculty of Health Sciences Warmia and Mazury University Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Dzika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Faculty of Health Sciences Warmia and Mazury University Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12038"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0325"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","article-title":"Reorganization of gene in families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrichia and Ehrichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and \u2018HGE agent\u2019 as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila","volume":"51","author":"Dumler JS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.42.1.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(03)00024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.390"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-013-0222-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2491"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02974-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1208"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010398"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81452-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3277269"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05762"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005240"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.047308"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01877-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2187"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01429-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6808com"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7140.2006.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2262"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000109"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Insect Symbiosis","author":"Perotti MA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003379107"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_1","unstructured":"HeatonLL.Wolbachia in bedbugs Cimex lectularius. PhD Thesis Univ Sheff.2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq102"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_1","first-page":"a921","article-title":"On the rise worldwide: bed bugs and cimicosis","volume":"9","author":"Rahlenbeck S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Med Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05015-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000012270"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_43_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Studies on Rickettsia\u2010like micro\u2010organisms in Insects","volume":"44","author":"Hertig M","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(74)90098-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1997.00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.6.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.4.696"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_48_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Molecular detection of endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia in bedbug species Cimex lectularius from Vidarbha region of India","volume":"3","author":"Siddiqui SS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2016031"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061465"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016336"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911476107"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409284111"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01732-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12850"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20165214"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.09.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.065136-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9295"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319347"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007004052"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_68_1","first-page":"3926","article-title":"Endosymbionts of ticks and their relationship to wolbachia spp. and tick\u2010borne pathogens of humans and animals","volume":"63","author":"Noda H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64386-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025604"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.5.2596-2602.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/199267499"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-350"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000050"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00200-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000405"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00953"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182631c79"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_85_1","first-page":"584","article-title":"Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in patients with sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"109","author":"Koch A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1180-1186.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1944"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)00041-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-007-0288-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0422-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-051006"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.042192-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1975-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.14721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.14721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:06:04Z","timestamp":1695549964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.14721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.14721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.14721","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]}}}