{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:20:29Z","timestamp":1768879229217,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS 07\/1119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS 07\/1119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI 14\/01751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI 14\/01751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of cutaneous nodules in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s) receiving depot somatostatin analogs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSA<\/jats:styled-content>s) is a diagnostic challenge as differential diagnosis between injection site reactions and metastases is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the clinical, radiological, cytological and histopathological features of subcutaneous nodules in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSA<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSA<\/jats:styled-content>s in whom subcutaneous nodules were detected on routine abdominal computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) scans. High resolution and colour Doppler ultrasonography was performed. Those patients with inconclusive radiological studies went through fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNAC<\/jats:styled-content>) and\/or biopsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve patients (five males, seven females) were included (six midgut carcinoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s, six pancreatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s). Three patients received intramuscular depot octreotide, seven subcutaneous lanreotide, and two both treatments. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> scan findings were nonspecific. Sonography revealed a hyperechoic pattern in recent injections, and a hypoechoic pattern with a characteristic hyperechoic peripheral rim in long\u2010term injections (more than 3 months after injection). On colour Doppler sonography, nodules showed no signs of intralesional vascularity. Fine\u2010needle aspiration cytology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNAC<\/jats:styled-content>) was performed in five patients, revealing a characteristic acellular proteinaceous material. Biopsy in four patients showed different reactional infiltrates around the acellular material.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High resolution and colour Doppler ultrasonography may be very useful for the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GEP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSA<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNAC<\/jats:styled-content> and a biopsy are useful tests for confirmation of the diagnosis in patients with inconclusive findings. We propose a management algorithm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T20:18:42Z","timestamp":1517257122000},"page":"1887-1892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic approach to subcutaneous nodules in patients with neuroendocrine tumours treated with depot somatostatin analogs: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Chicharro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS\u2010IP) Hospital Universitario de La Princesa Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS\u2010IP) Hospital Universitario de La Princesa Madrid 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