{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:51:18Z","timestamp":1790718678870,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2015YL025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2015YL025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current gold standard for diagnosing onychomycosis is direct microscopic examination and culturing. Fungal culture is a time\u2010consuming procedure, while direct microscopy of potassium hydroxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KOH<\/jats:styled-content>) mounts suffers from low sensitivity. More rapid and sensitive methods for the diagnosis of onychomycosis are in high demand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish an effective method for the diagnosis of onychomycosis by assessing the efficacies of fungal fluorescent staining and internal transcribed spacer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS<\/jats:styled-content>) ribosomal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rDNA<\/jats:styled-content>) polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 204 clinical specimens from patients with suspected onychomycosis were analysed. The gold standard for a true positive sample was positive by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KOH<\/jats:styled-content>, culturing or both methods. All specimens were also tested by fungal fluorescent staining and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS rDNA PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based sequencing. We compared the detection, sensitivity and specificity for these two methods with conventional methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 126 (62%) and 102 (50%) were detected by fluorescent staining and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based sequencing, respectively. According to the conventional diagnostic standard, the sensitivity of fluorescent staining and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based sequencing was 97% and 78%, respectively, and specificities of 89% and 90%, respectively. Use of fluorescence enhanced the sensitivity of direct examination by 12% compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KOH<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based sequencing increased the sensitivity by 6% compared with culturing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluorescence microscopy has a higher sensitivity for the detection of fungi in nail specimens compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KOH<\/jats:styled-content> and can be used as a rapid screening tool. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based sequencing was faster and more sensitive compared with culture and when used in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy resulted in higher efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T06:52:49Z","timestamp":1517899969000},"page":"1017-1021","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Comparison of fungal fluorescent staining and <scp>ITS rDNA PCR<\/scp>\u2010based sequencing with conventional methods for the diagnosis of onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases Shandong University Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicological and 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