{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:46:40Z","timestamp":1788799600904,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a multifaceted skin disorder, affecting more than 85% of young individuals worldwide. Pharmacological therapy is not always desirable because of the development of antibiotic resistance or the potential risk of adverse effects. Non\u2010pharmacological therapies can be viable alternatives for conventional therapies. However, sufficient evidence\u2010based support in the efficacy and safety of non\u2010pharmacological therapies is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of several non\u2010pharmacological therapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature review, including a best\u2010evidence synthesis, was performed to identify literature. Three electronic databases were accessed and searched for studies published between January 2000 and May 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three eligible studies were included in our systematic review. Three main types of non\u2010pharmacological therapies were identified laser\u2010 and light\u2010based therapies, chemical peels and fractional microneedling radiofrequency. The majority of the included studies demonstrated a significant reduction in acne lesions. However, only seven studies had a high methodologic quality. Based on these seven trials, a best\u2010evidence synthesis was conducted. Strong evidence was found for glycolic acid (10\u201340%). Moderate evidence was found for amino fruit acid (20\u201360%), intense pulsed light (400\u2013700 and 870\u20131200 nm) and the diode laser (1450 nm). Initially, conflicting evidence was found for pulsed dye laser (585\u2013595 nm). The most frequently reported side\u2010effects for non\u2010pharmacological therapies included erythema, tolerable pain, purpura, oedema and a few cases of hyperpigmentation, which were in most cases mild and transient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Circumstantial evidence was found for non\u2010pharmacological therapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, the lack of high methodological quality among included studies prevented us to draw clear conclusions, regarding a stepwise approach. Nevertheless, our systematic review including a best\u2010evidence synthesis did create order and structure in resulting outcomes in which a first step towards future research is generated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T18:46:55Z","timestamp":1518634015000},"page":"1195-1203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The efficacy and safety of non\u2010pharmacological therapies for the treatment of acne vulgaris: A systematic review and best\u2010evidence synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"F.M.C.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Innovation in Healthcare Processes in Pharmacology HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The 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