{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:30:04Z","timestamp":1790908204395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric cutaneous granuloma with primary immunodeficiency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare condition. The physiopathology is unclear, and treatment is challenging. We report on 17 paediatric cases and review the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To make dermatologists and dermatopathologists aware of the diagnostic value of skin granulomas in paediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected data on 17 patients with cutaneous granulomas and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> registered with us and also reviewed 33 cases from the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous granuloma was the presenting feature of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> in 15 of the 50 collated cases. The lesions presented as red\u2010brownish nodules and infiltrated ulcerative plaques, predominantly on the face and limbs. Scleroderma\u2010like infiltration on a single limb was observed in 10% of the cases. The associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> was ataxia\u2010telangiectasia (52%), combined immunodeficiency (24%), cartilage\u2010hair hypoplasia (6%) and other subtypes (18%). The granulomas were mostly sarcoidal, tuberculoid, palisaded or undefined subtypes. In some patients, several different histopathologic granulomatous patterns were found in the same biopsy. Some granulomas were associated with the presence of a vaccine strain of rubella virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous granulomas associated with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> have a variable clinical presentation. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content> can be suspected when crusty, brownish lesions are found on the face or limbs. The concomitant presence of several histological subtypes in a single patient is suggestive of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PID<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T14:12:07Z","timestamp":1552572727000},"page":"1412-1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cutaneous granulomas with primary immunodeficiency in children: a report of 17 new patients and a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Leclerc\u2010Mercier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP) Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Genodermatosis and Rare Diseases of the Skin (MAGEC) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Moshous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Neven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mahlaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency (CEREDIH) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology UNAM University Angers University Hospital Angers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Pellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatric Hematology UNAM University Angers University Hospital Angers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Blanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency (CEREDIH) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency (CEREDIH) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Study center of primary immunodeficiency Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Primary Immune Deficiency (CEREDIH) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Perot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Infection Unit Institut Pasteur Inserm U1117 Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Eloit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology of Infection Unit Institut Pasteur Inserm U1117 Laboratory of Pathogen Discovery Paris France"},{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort, Virologie Maisons Alfort France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fraitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP) Paris France"},{"name":"National Reference Centre for Genodermatosis and Rare Diseases of the Skin (MAGEC) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bodemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Genodermatosis and Rare Diseases of the Skin (MAGEC) Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Hospital APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Imagine Institute Inserm U 1163 Descartes University Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Histologic Diagnosis of Inflammatory Skin Diseases: An Algorithmic Method Based on Pattern Analysis","author":"Ackerman B","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330335"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2010.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-36-29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2008.07061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Cutaneous granulomatous lesions disclosing ataxia\u2010telangiectasia","volume":"126","author":"Corbisier A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.9.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000246117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1993.tb02251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80965-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81647-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1986.tb00537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.33.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"Cutaneous granulomatous lesions in congenital immune deficiencies. 5 cases","volume":"122","author":"Paul C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Dwarfism in the Amish. II. Cartilage\u2010Hair Hypoplasia","volume":"116","author":"McKusick V","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Primary immunodeficiency diseases: An update on the classification from the international union of immunological societies expert committee for primary immunodeficiency","volume":"8","author":"Al\u2010Herz W","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70101-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Granuloma annulare and human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"135","author":"Oro JR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Derma"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.030"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.15568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdv.15568","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.15568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T06:27:54Z","timestamp":1694154474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.15568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.15568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.15568","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}