{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T06:31:18Z","timestamp":1751610678032},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel (Ni) dermatitis remains a highly prevalent allergic condition in Italy. There is a continuous need for clinical and epidemiological surveillance to evaluate whether or not European Ni Directive has been effective in contact allergy prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence of Ni dermatitis among patch\u2010tested patients and self\u2010interviewed school students and to analyse Ni release from earlobe jewellery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of patch tests performed in 2006\u20132007, 2015\u20132016 and 2017\u20132018 were retrieved. A questionnaire was compiled by 315 secondary school students. Ni release from earring parts was analysed with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EN<\/jats:styled-content>1811:2015 method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant time trend of decreasing Ni positivity from 2006\u20132007 to 2017\u20132018 was observed both in the overall population (44.1% in 2006\u20132007, 33.0% in 2015\u20132016, 31.6% in 2017\u20132018, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and in female patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Conversely, change was not significant in males (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.16). Decrease was significant for all age groups, except for those aged &gt;60\u00a0years (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.51). Among 242 students who reported earring use, 130 (54%) reported symptoms at earlobes, mostly associated with jewellery of materials other than gold and silver (59% of those with earlobe symptoms). Ni release exceeded the migration limit in 4\/21 (20%) earring parts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of Ni dermatitis and earlobe symptoms were found in Rome. A decreasing time trend was noted, with a significant decline in Ni sensitivity compared to the situation observed right after Ni Directive implementation. This most likely represents the consequence of reduced Ni content in earring parts, although a major care in the use of Ni\u2010containing objects could contribute to explain these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T16:04:19Z","timestamp":1557158659000},"page":"1928-1934","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nickel dermatitis from earrings 15\u00a0years after <scp>EU<\/scp> directive implementation: a clinical\u2010epidemiological study and a market survey in Rome, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Cristaudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Giannarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Cercato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Health Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Directive 94\/27\/EC of 30 June 1994 amending for the 12th time Directive 76\/769\/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative) provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of dangerous substances","volume":"37","author":"European Communities","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Commission Directive 2004\/96\/EC of 27 September 2004 amending Council Directive 76\/769\/EEC as regards restrictions on the marketing and use of nickel for piercing post assemblies for the purpose of adapting its Annex I to technical progress.Off J Eur Union2004; L301: 51\u2013 52."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"European Committee for Standardization (CEN).Reference test method for release of nickel from all post assemblies which are inserted into pierced parts of the human body and articles intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 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