{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:25:16Z","timestamp":1790375116583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000296","name":"British Skin Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["025\/s\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["025\/s\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a skin condition that normally causes symmetrically distributed hypopigmented macules on the front and back of the trunk, but rarely the face. To date, the pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood, but a role for the anaerobic skin bacterium<jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>(previously<jats:italic>Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>acnes<\/jats:italic>in the development of the disease has been proposed due to its sole presence within lesional, but not normal peri\u2010lesional, skin. The success of antimicrobials in the treatment of PMH also provides circumstantial evidence that this association may be causal, although this is still to be proven. More recent culture and metagenomic typing studies indicate that strains of<jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>elongatum<\/jats:italic>(type III) may be important in the aetiology of the condition, which would help to explain why PMH does not normally affect the face since such strains are rarely present there, and why no association between this condition and acne vulgaris is found; acne appears to primarily involve type IA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>strains from<jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>acnes<\/jats:italic>(type I). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship between<jats:italic>C. acnes<\/jats:italic>and PMH, and re\u2010examine previous challenges to the view that the bacterium plays a role in the condition against the backdrop of newly emerged data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T21:43:07Z","timestamp":1593553387000},"page":"338-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Is<i>Cutibacterium<\/i>(previously<i>Propionibacterium<\/i>)<i>acnes<\/i>a potential pathogenic factor in the aetiology of the skin disease progressive macular hypomelanosis?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9649-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"McDowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Londonderry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Londonderry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust Harrogate UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200708010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1988.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.04978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0101a03","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis among Egyptian patients: a clinicopathological study","volume":"1","author":"Selim MK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/607682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmau.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2009.21.3.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01686-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05109-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158161.15277.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09546630903403336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Nummulaire en confluerende hypomelanosis van de romp","volume":"7","author":"Menke HE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ned Tijdsch Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.03980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2010.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2007.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Estudo piloto para avaliar a efic\u00e1cia da minociclina no tratamento da hipomelanose macular progressiva","volume":"1","author":"Almeida ART","year":"2009","journal-title":"(HMP) Surg Cosmetic Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000400034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2016.00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.326-334.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-1-166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02460-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47489-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.084780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131518","article-title":"Progressive macular hypomelanosis with asymmetrically distributed lesions","volume":"126","author":"Wen LL","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06557.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00793-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Facial involvement in progressive macular hypomelanosis","volume":"101","author":"Wang K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00653_4.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldl010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1972.tb00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555557297304","article-title":"A possible dysfunction of melanosome transfer in leprosy: an electron\u2010microscopic study","volume":"57","author":"Westerhof W","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9700-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjdv.16789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.16789","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdv.16789","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.16789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T23:02:28Z","timestamp":1723158148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.16789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.16789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.16789","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}