{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:58:16Z","timestamp":1791197896303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nickel release from some metal tools in the hairdressing trade has been sporadically evidenced, whereas data about cobalt release from metal tools in the hairdressing trade are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To screen metal tools for nickel and cobalt release and to estimate the prevalence of nickel allergy and cobalt allergy in the German hairdressing trade.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred seventy\u2010five metal tools in the hairdressing trade were tested in three North German states with a nickel spot test for nickel release and with a cobalt spot test for cobalt release. Seventy hairdressers were surveyed with a standardized questionnaire to collect data about the tested metal tools as well as the prevalence of nickel allergy and cobalt allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred thirty\u2010one of 475 metal tools (27.6%) \u2013 60 of 60 hair clips (100%), five of five crochet hooks (100%), 24 of 40 tweezers (60.0%), 33 of 75 sectioning clips (44.0%), five of 32 straight razors (15.6%), and four of 45 tail combs (8.9%) \u2013 released nickel and 10 of 475 metal tools (2.1%) \u2013 three of 40 tweezers (7.5%), four of 60 hair clips (6.7%), one of 32 straight razors (3.1%), and two of 75 sectioning clips (2.7%) \u2013 released cobalt. Eight of 63 female hairdressers (12.7%) suffered from nickel allergy and two of 63 female hairdressers (3.2%) suffered from cobalt allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metal tools in the German hairdressing trade \u2013 with which a prolonged skin contact is intended \u2013 release nickel and cobalt in allergologically relevant amounts and thus should be taken into account as occupational sources of exposure to nickel and cobalt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T06:25:01Z","timestamp":1607063101000},"page":"965-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Experimental evaluation of nickel and cobalt release from tools and self\u2010reported prevalence of nickel and cobalt allergy in the German hairdressing trade"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4090-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Symanzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory University of Osnabr\u00fcck Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Skudlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory University of Osnabr\u00fcck Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) University of Osnabr\u00fcck Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5406-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.M.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory University of Osnabr\u00fcck Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) University of Osnabr\u00fcck Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Commission Regulation (EC) No. 552\/2009 of June 2009 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards Annex XVII","volume":"64","author":"REACH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency.Prolonged contact with the skin\u2014Definition building for nickel. 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