{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T10:12:54Z","timestamp":1768126374957,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, wearing PPE can induce skin damage such as erythema, pruritus, erosion, and ulceration among others. Although the skin microbiome is considered important for skin health, the change of the skin microbiome after wearing PPE remains unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to characterize the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal flora on skin surfaces of healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID\u201019 pandemic using metagenomic next\u2010generation sequencing (mNGS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 Chinese volunteers were recruited and the microbiome of their face, hand, and back were analysed before and after wearing PPE. Moreover, VISIA was used to analyse skin features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of alpha bacterial diversity showed that there was statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indice in the skin samples from face, hand, and three sites after wearing PPE as compared with the indice in the skin samples before wearing PPE. Further, the results of evaluated alpha fungal diversity show that there was a statistically significant decrease in alpha diversity indices in the skin samples from hand after wearing PPE as compared with the indices in the skin samples before wearing PPE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Results of the current study found that the main bacteria on the face, hand, and back skin samples before wearing the PPE were <jats:italic>Propionibacterium<\/jats:italic> spp. (34.04%), <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> spp. (13.12%), and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. (38.07%). The main bacteria found on the skin samples after wearing the PPE were <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. (31.23%), <jats:italic>Xanthomonas<\/jats:italic> spp. (26.21%), and <jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic> spp. (42.59%). The fungal community composition was similar in three skin sites before and after wearing PPE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was evident that wearing PPE may affect the skin microbiota, especially bacteria. Therefore, it was evident that the symbiotic microbiota may reflect the skin health of medical workers during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T03:39:41Z","timestamp":1652240381000},"page":"1612-1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of wearing personal protective equipment during <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic on composition and diversity of skin bacteria and fungi of medical workers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"X.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou, Jiangsu 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