{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:52:09Z","timestamp":1783630329702,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spectrum of pustular skin disorders (PSD) is large and particularly challenging, including inflammatory, infectious and amicrobial diseases. Moreover, although pustules represent the unifying clinical feature, they can be absent or not fully developed in the early stage of the disease. The line\u2010field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC\u2010OCT) is a recently developed imaging technique able to perform a non\u2010invasive, <jats:italic>in\u2009vivo<\/jats:italic>, examination of the epidermis and upper dermis, reaching very high image resolution and virtual histology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to investigate the potentialities of LC\u2010OCT in the non\u2010invasive differential diagnosis of a series of 11 PSD with different aetiology, microscopic features, body location and incidence rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete LC\u2010OCT imaging (i.e. 2D\/3D frames, videos) was performed on a total of 19 patients (10 females and 9 males) aged between 35 and 79\u2009years. Images were blindly evaluated and compared with corresponding histopathologic findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The LC\u2010OCT imaging was able to detect with high accuracy the pustule structure including shape, margins, morphology and cellular content, along with peculiar epidermal and adnexal alterations in each condition, including: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis, Generalized pustular psoriasis, Generalized pustular figurate erythema, Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis, Intraepidermal IgA pustulosis, Palmoplantar pustulosis, Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis. Herpetic whitlow, Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, Vesicopustular Sweet syndrome and Vesicopustular Eosinophilic cellulitis, with pustular appearance, were also compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The new LC\u2010OCT can represent a rapid, non\u2010invasive and painless tool which can help differentiating among PSD of different aetiology and microscopic morphology in clinical mimickers in daily practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1655107707000},"page":"1873-1883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Line\u2010field confocal optical coherence tomography: a new tool for non\u2010invasive differential diagnosis of pustular skin disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6691-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Tognetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences Siena University Hospital  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences Siena University Hospital  Siena Italy"},{"name":"Groupe d'Imagerie Cutan\u00e9e Non\u2010Invasive (GICNI) of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Dermatologie (SFD)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Falcinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit and Skin Bank, Department of 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