{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:18:00Z","timestamp":1790360280107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical tacrolimus has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). However, long\u2010term effects and its optimal application protocol with gradual reduction have not been studied. Accordingly, we analysed the clinical response of OLP to tacrolimus in our daily clinical practice with a focus on the optimal long\u2010term therapeutic scheme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients diagnosed with OLP and treated with topical tacrolimus (0.03% oral rinse) in a clinical setting between 2015 and 2020. The objective clinical response was measured by a 4\u2010point scale (complete remission, major remission, partial remission and no response), and subjective impairment by a 3\u2010point scale (severe, moderate and none).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven patients (74% women; median age: 66\u2009years) were included. Fifty\u2010six (98%) patients had prior treatment with topical steroids. After introduction of tacrolimus, objective remission (major or complete) was reached by 28%, 62%, 87% and 97% of patients after 3, 6, 12 and 24\u2009months respectively. Subjective remission was reported by 16%, 48%, 69% and 83% after 3, 6, 12 and 24\u2009months of treatment respectively. The treatment frequency could be gradually reduced from initially twice daily to once daily or less in 28%, 61%, 78% and 87% after 3, 6, 12 and 24\u2009months respectively; 41% of patients completely suspended the treatment at one point, but 67% of them experienced a relapse after a median time of 3.3\u2009months. Four patients (7%) developed a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) during the observation period. Otherwise, there were only few and minor side\u2010effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical tacrolimus can be an effective second\u2010line therapy for OLP refractory to potent topical corticosteroids. The therapy frequency can often be reduced during the maintenance period. Both signs of clinical activity and subjective impairment should guide therapy. Regular follow\u2010up is necessary to recognize possible SCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1658599210000},"page":"2459-2465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Outcome and long\u2010term treatment protocol for topical tacrolimus in oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Utz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3206-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.G.A.","family":"Suter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Centro Studi GISED  Bergamo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Borradori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Feldmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2012.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: a disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? 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