{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:08:09Z","timestamp":1791558489739,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013598","name":"American Acne and Rosacea Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an \u2018acne microbiome\u2019 dominated by specific strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Cutibacterium\u2009acnes.<\/jats:italic>\n                      However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulent\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain composition during puberty is unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross\u2010sectional pilot study in a paediatric population to understand how and when the skin microbiome composition transitions during puberty and whether a distinct \u2018acne microbiome\u2019 emerges in paediatric subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010eight volunteers including males and females, ages 7\u201317\u2009years, with and without acne were enrolled and evaluated for pubertal development using the Tanner staging criteria. Sebum levels were measured, and skin microbiota were collected by sterile swab on the subject's forehead. DNA was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant shift in microbial diversity emerged between early (T1\u2010T2) and late (T3\u2010T5) stages of puberty, coinciding with increased sebum production on the face. The overall relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      in both normal and acne skin increased during puberty and individual\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were uniquely affected by pubertal stage and the presence of acne. Further, an acne microbiome signature associated with unique\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain composition and metabolic activity emerges in late puberty in those with acne. This unique\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain composition is predicted to have increased porphyrin production, which may contribute to skin inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that the stage of pubertal development influences skin microbiome composition. As children mature, a distinct acne microbiome composition emerges in those with acne. Understanding how both puberty and acne influence the microbiome may support novel therapeutic strategies to combat acne in the paediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T08:49:41Z","timestamp":1664268581000},"page":"166-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9725-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Penn State Milton S. 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