{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:45:46Z","timestamp":1790804746593,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of inflammatory dermatoses. It is more common in patients with darker skin and has significant morbidity. This systematic review summarizes treatment outcomes for post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation to help physicians better predict clinical response and improve patient outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed databases and\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using a combination of relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full text screening were done in duplicate. Studies were included if they met our predetermined PICOS framework criteria. Results are presented in descriptive form. In total, 41 studies representing 877 patients were included. Complete response was achieved by laser and energy\u2010based devices in 18.1% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200956\/309) of patients, topicals in 5.4% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920\/369) and combination therapies in 2.4% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094\/166). Partial response was achieved by combination modalities in 84.9% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009141\/166) of patients, topicals in 72.4% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009267\/369), laser and energy\u2010based devices in 61.2% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009189\/309) and peels in 33.3% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095\/15). Poor to no response occurred with peels in 66.7% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910\/15) of patients, topicals in 22.2% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200982\/369), laser and energy\u2010based devices in 18.1% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200956\/309) and combination modalities in 12.7% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921\/166). Additionally, in 2.6% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098\/309) of patients treated with laser and energy\u2010based devices, post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation worsened. Adverse events were reported in 10 patients, all while using topical treatments. In conclusion, the current treatment approaches yielded unsatisfactory rates of complete response. However, combination therapies, laser and energy\u2010based devices and topical therapies showed high rates of partial response. Of note, the majority of post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation cases included were associated with acne, and therefore, the findings and conclusions drawn may have limited applicability to other types of post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T10:29:00Z","timestamp":1697452140000},"page":"470-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A systematic review of treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0834-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Kashetsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-6437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Feschuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2021.1981814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103083.2010.03919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13038"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Melasma and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation: management update and expert opinion","volume":"21","author":"Sofen B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.4399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/Pigmentinternational"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.N71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"PhillipsB BallC SackettD BadenochD StrausS HaynesB.Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010based Medicine \u2010 Levels of Evidence \u2010 CEBM.1998. Updated by Jeremy Howick March 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.21010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555\u2010022\u201000719\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22034\/ijd.2021.128947"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"514","article-title":"Patient\u2010reported outcomes in acne patients with skin of color using adapalene 0.3%\u2010benzoyl peroxide 2.5%: a prospective real\u2010world study","volume":"18","author":"DuBois J","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104725.1995.tb00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277\u20109175.186997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524\u20104725.1999.08145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926\u20109959.2001.00011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473\u20102165.2010.00527.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974\u20102077.172196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104725.2010.01643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305203282002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20104362.1998.00499.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"The therapeutic value of glycolic acid peels in dermatology","volume":"69","author":"Grover C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.13634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.2020.4623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534\u2010199501000\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104725.1993.tb00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104725.1994.tb00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13950"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of clindamycin phosphate 1.2% and tretinoin 0.025% gel for the treatment of acne and acne\u2010induced post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients with skin of color","volume":"5","author":"Callender VD","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"586","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (AzA) gel 15% in the treatment of post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne: a 16\u2010week, baseline\u2010controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Kircik LH","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2021.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5560386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1975.01630130042004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"A bleaching treatment for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with a high concentration of all\u2010trans retinoic acid gel","volume":"42","author":"Yoshimura K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.14930"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"The efficacy and tolerability of a combination cream containing 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin types IV\u2010VI","volume":"17","author":"Cook\u2010Bolden FE","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17116\/klinderma20212004172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/LSM.21034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.5655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"936","article-title":"Non\u2010ablative fractional laser therapy as treatment for ashy dermatosis and postinflammatory hyper\u2010pigmentation: a pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Wind B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Clinical effects with topical vitamin c gel for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and postinflamatory erythema in acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"Kurokawa I","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol Nurses Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2336\/nishinihonhifu.77.159"},{"issue":"34","key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"S81","article-title":"Complexion blending and the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in skin of color utilizing 1540 fractional laser followed by 1064 Nd:YAG dual\u2010wavelength laser","volume":"54","author":"Battle E","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"34","key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","first-page":"S104","article-title":"The use of novel depigmenting agent cysteamine 5% in combination with low fluence 1064\u2010nm Q\u2010switched Nd:YAG laser to treat post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation in east Asian population","volume":"54","author":"Wirya SA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"33","key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Effects of 1064 nm q\u2010switched Nd:YAG laser with medium\u2010fluence medium spot size setting on recalcitrant post\u2010inflammatory hyperpigmentation: a case series of 8 patients","volume":"53","author":"Feng J","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257\u2010017\u20100333\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2021.713554\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003630"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.19566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T06:38:19Z","timestamp":1708929499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.19566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.19566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.19566","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}