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Due to the complexity of cutaneous LE (CLE), clinical skin image\u2010based artificial intelligence is still experiencing difficulties in distinguishing subtypes of LE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to develop a multimodal deep learning system (MMDLS) for human\u2010AI collaboration in diagnosis of LE subtypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a multi\u2010centre study based on 25 institutions across China to assist in diagnosis of LE subtypes, other eight similar skin diseases and healthy subjects. In total, 446 cases with 800 clinical skin images, 3786 multicolor\u2010immunohistochemistry (multi\u2010IHC) images and clinical data were collected, and EfficientNet\u2010B3 and ResNet\u201018 were utilized in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the multi\u2010classification task, the overall performance of MMDLS on 13 skin conditions is much higher than single or dual modals (Sen\u2009=\u20090.8288, Spe\u2009=\u20090.9852, Pre\u2009=\u20090.8518, AUC\u2009=\u20090.9844). Further, the MMDLS\u2010based diagnostic\u2010support help improves the accuracy of dermatologists from 66.88%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.94% to 81.25%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.23% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results highlight the benefit of human\u2010MMDLS collaborated framework in telemedicine by assisting dermatologists and rheumatologists in the differential diagnosis of LE subtypes and similar skin diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T14:00:16Z","timestamp":1713189616000},"page":"2268-2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Human\u2010multimodal deep learning collaboration in \u2018precise\u2019 diagnosis of lupus erythematosus subtypes and similar skin diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Xiangtan University  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha 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