{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1788388520033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The skin microbiota is known to be imbalanced in acne vulgaris, but the changes occurring during the early stages of acne onset remain poorly described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the skin microbiome of subclinical stages of acne in adults and adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composition and diversity of the microbiota from non\u2010lesional skin on the forehead of subjects with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate acne were compared to the ones from non\u2010acne subjects. Analyses of skin swab samples were performed using high\u2010throughput sequencing of the V1\u2013V3 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, the tuf gene fragment of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>species and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the fungal rRNA gene to determine the relative abundance, alpha\u2010diversity and beta\u2010diversity of bacteria and fungi.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with non\u2010acne subjects, acne subjects had a higher abundance of<jats:italic>Cutibacterium<\/jats:italic>(72.4% vs. 57.8%) and lower abundances of<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>(2.8% vs. 4.8%) and<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>(1.4% vs. 3.2%). Bacterial alpha\u2010 and beta\u2010diversity indices also differed significantly between the two groups, reflecting differences in richness, evenness, abundance and phylogenetic distance between bacterial populations. Differences were also observed at the level of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>species:<jats:italic>S.\u2009capitis<\/jats:italic>was predominant in skin samples from non\u2010acne subjects (46.7%), whereas<jats:italic>S.\u2009epidermidis<\/jats:italic>was the most abundant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>species in non\u2010lesional forehead skin areas of acne subjects (44.2%). Conversely, no significant between\u2010group differences were found for fungi, with<jats:italic>Malasseziales<\/jats:italic>being the predominant order in both subject groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysbiosis was observed very early in subclinical acne stages of the forehead skin, with the overall abundance, richness and evenness of the bacterial population being lower in acne than in non\u2010acne skin samples. Dysbiosis was also found at the level of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>species. The development of acne lesions could therefore be prevented by using a skin care product that rebalances facial skin microbiota at very early stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T09:09:13Z","timestamp":1721898553000},"page":"3-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of the forehead skin microbiome in the early phase of acne"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ma\u00eetre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pierre Fabre Dermo\u2010Cosm\u00e9tique and Personal Care, Research &amp; Development Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gravier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pierre Fabre Dermo\u2010Cosm\u00e9tique and Personal Care, Research &amp; Development Toulouse 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