{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:12:46Z","timestamp":1790993566892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmenting disorder with a complex clinical course and highly heterogeneous therapeutic response. Many disease\u2010specific and patient\u2010related factors determine the best personalized management in vitiligo. Despite recent advances, a one\u2010size\u2010fits\u2010all approach remains insufficient, often leading to suboptimal outcomes and patient dissatisfaction. In this review, we outline a pragmatic framework for personalized vitiligo management based on clinical subtype, disease activity, extent, anatomical location, patient age, sex, skin phototype, comorbidities and psychosocial context. We discuss the clinical application of emerging data on clinical and dermoscopic activity signs, specific skin symptoms (e.g., halo naevi or poliosis), laboratory biomarkers and imaging modalities. Special populations such as children, the elderly, pregnant patients and autoimmune or psychiatric comorbidities are also considered. This guide can be used to achieve a comprehensive assessment for a personalized vitiligo practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:03:52Z","timestamp":1761663832000},"page":"361-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Personalized medicine in vitiligo: A guide for daily practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhart","family":"Speeckaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Seneschal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hospital Saint\u2010Andr\u00e9, ImmunoConcept, CNRS UMR 5164 Bordeaux University  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Wolkerstorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3249-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanja","family":"van Geel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12561"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19451"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.927"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01187-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20785"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02754.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00983-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18134"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15167"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14975"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.4483"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18950"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000539"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.2366"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1468665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_75_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304a197"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00431-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1203a114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13249"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S432169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae350"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2021.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004193221601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12437"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1976.01630280077034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2012.00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13839"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410022203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18593"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2019.31.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19450"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3369"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_40_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1304S2a313S"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13444"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.01948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_650_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248651"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102833"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.036"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Influence of pregnancy on vitiligo activity","volume":"9","author":"Webb KC","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000509726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16951"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v105.42819"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20311"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.5737"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00222-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110343"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12538"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118828"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15688"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03582-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02611-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11537120-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0394-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17383"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12789"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdrv.2025.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000545212"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v101.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae266.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02965-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.07.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-023-02577-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.70088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415615325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000522601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15290"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2024.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1454947"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.818543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13418"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.70133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jdv.70133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jdv.70133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1773032101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.70133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jdv.70133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.70133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}