{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:03:38Z","timestamp":1790330618052,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Janus kinase signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK\u2013STAT) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of immune\u2010mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) of the skin, such as in atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and vitiligo. Although several meta\u2010analyses have confirmed their efficacy, concerns remain about the risk of infection, as the JAK\u2013STAT pathway plays a key role in immune defence. Previous meta\u2010analyses examined only selected, pre\u2010specified infection categories and have not comprehensively evaluated all reported infection types or compared systemic and topical agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported infection\u2010related adverse events in patients treated with systemic or topical JAK\u2013STAT inhibitors for IMIDs of the skin. The study followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD 42024615839). Overall risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010four RCTs were included, involving more than 29,000 patients. JAK\u2013STAT inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of influenza (RR\u2009=\u20092.12, 95% CI 1.03\u20134.36), bronchitis (RR\u2009=\u20092.03, 95% CI 1.43\u20132.88) and herpes zoster (RR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI 1.29\u20132.15) compared to a placebo. The risk was particularly elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis (influenza: 3.22, 95% CI 2.03\u20135.10, herpes zoster: RR\u2009=\u20092.00, 95% CI 1.34\u20132.99). No significant risks were identified for serious, fungal or opportunistic infections, and topical JAK\u2013STAT inhibitors demonstrated a favourable safety profile comparable to vehicle controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of the risk of infection associated with JAK\u2013STAT inhibitors in IMIDs of the skin. Although overall safety is acceptable, clinicians should be aware of the higher infection risk of influenza and herpes zoster and should consider vaccination and preventive strategies for high\u2010risk patients with atopic dermatitis. The main limitation is that the included studies involved highly selected populations with few comorbidities and short follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.70508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T13:11:12Z","timestamp":1779801072000},"page":"1662-1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large\u2010scale meta\u2010analysis of infection risk with\n                    <scp>JAK<\/scp>\n                    \u2013\n                    <scp>STAT<\/scp>\n                    inhibitors in 29,000 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6394-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","family":"Krebs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Guly\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Krisztina","family":"Fazekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedek","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria Veronika","family":"Kolonics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanni Ad\u00e9l","family":"Meznerics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"B\u00e1nv\u00f6lgyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School University of P\u00e9cs  P\u00e9cs Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Holl\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lajos Vince","family":"Kem\u00e9ny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"HCEMM\u2010SU Translational Dermatology Research Group Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Semmelweis University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02342","article-title":"Targeting the Janus kinase family in autoimmune skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Howell 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