{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:27:57Z","timestamp":1790062077411,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Evolutionary Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative length proportions of the three bony elements of the pelvic (femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) and pectoral (humerus, ulna and manus) limbs of the early Cretaceous bird <jats:italic>Gansus yumenensis<\/jats:italic>, a well\u2010represented basal ornithuromorph from China, are investigated and compared to those of extant taxa. Ternary plots show that the pectoral limb length proportions of <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> are most similar to Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds), which plot away from all other extant birds. In contrast, the pelvic limb length proportions of <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> fall within the extant bird cluster and show similarities with the neornithine families Podicipedidae (grebes), Diomedeidae (albatross) and Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants). Although it does have some of the pelvic limb features of grebes and cormorants, the femur of <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> is more gracile and is thus more consistent with an albatross\u2010like shallow\u2010diving mode of life than a strong foot\u2010propelled diving movement pattern. The position of <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> in pectoral limb ternary morphospace is largely due to its elongated manus. In contrast to apodiformes, where the humerus and ulna are short and robust, an adaptation, which provides a stiff wing for their demanding fast agile and hovering flight (respectively), the wing\u2010bones of <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> are slender, indicating a less vigorous flapping flight style. The suite of characters exhibited by <jats:italic>Gansus<\/jats:italic> mean it is difficult to completely interpret its likely ecology. Nevertheless, our analyses suggest that it is probable that this bird was both volant and capable of diving to some degree using either foot\u2010propelled or, perhaps, both its wings and its feet for underwater locomotion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T19:09:06Z","timestamp":1354216146000},"page":"150-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Locomotory abilities and habitat of the <scp>C<\/scp>retaceous bird <i><scp>G<\/scp>ansus yumenensis<\/i> inferred from limb length proportions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"R. L.","family":"Nudds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Atterholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology and Environmental Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u2010L.","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. J.","family":"Dyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre University of Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2413412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the sternum in avian species","volume":"30","author":"Duzler A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. 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