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Here, we tried to identify further the history and genetic basis underlying strong differentiation at<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>outlier loci in a marine mussel. A genome scan of genetic differentiation has been conducted between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean populations of<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ytilus galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>. The differentiation was low overall (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), but seven loci (2%) were strong<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>outliers. We then analysed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>sequence polymorphism at two outlier loci. The genetic structure proved to be the consequence of differential introgression of alleles from the sister\u2010hybridizing species<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ytilus edulis<\/jats:italic>. Surprisingly, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean population was the most introgressed at these two loci, although the contact zone between the two species is nowadays localized along the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic coasts of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>rance and the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ritish<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>sles. A historical contact between<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0edulis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>should have happened during glacial periods. It proved difficult to disentangle two hypotheses: (i) introgression was adaptive, implying<jats:italic>edulis<\/jats:italic>alleles have been favoured in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>editerranean populations, or (ii) the genetic architecture of the barrier to<jats:italic>edulis<\/jats:italic>gene flow is different between the two<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>backgrounds. Five of the seven outliers between<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>populations were also outliers between<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0edulis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>tlantic<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic>, which would support the latter hypothesis. Differential introgression across semi\u2010permeable barriers to gene flow is a neglected scenario to interpret outlying loci that may prove more widespread than anticipated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,30]],"date-time":"2012-11-30T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1354286064000},"page":"14-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Differential introgression from a sister species explains high<i>F<\/i><sub>ST<\/sub>outlier loci within a mussel species"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C. 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