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A prevalent theory suggests that male ornaments are reliable indicators of immunocompetence, because the cost of immune function prevents cheating. However, sexual signalling is a component of male reproductive effort, and an immune challenge may also alter his perceived future prospects and hence signalling effort. In this study, blue\u2010footed booby males (<jats:italic>Sula nebouxii<\/jats:italic>) were inoculated with a diphtheria\u2013tetanus vaccine during courtship to investigate the consequences of mounting an immune response on signalling effort. We found that, after this immune challenge, on average, males increased their signalling effort but lost more body mass compared with control males. Importantly, vaccination affected the partner's reproductive decisions: compared with control females, females paired with vaccinated males laid eggs earlier and increased clutch volume in pairs that laid early. Overall, our results suggest that blue\u2010footed booby males invest more in sexual signals when future breeding opportunities are at risk, eliciting a greater reproductive investment by their partners. Increased signalling effort by infected individuals may contrast the idea of sexual ornaments as signals of infection status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T10:54:50Z","timestamp":1400583290000},"page":"1582-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Enhanced male coloration after immune challenge increases reproductive potential"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Velando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolox\u00eda e Biolox\u00eda Animal Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Beamonte\u2010Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico DF 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