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We tested this hypothesis in wild\u2010derived house mice (<jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>) by experimentally infecting the offspring from 15 single\u2010 and 15 multiple\u2010sired litters with two different strains of a mouse pathogen (<jats:italic>Salmonella Typhimurium)<\/jats:italic> and compared their ability to control infection. We found a high variation in individual infection resistance (measured with pathogen loads) and significant differences among families, suggesting genetic effects on <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> resistance, but we found no difference in prevalence or infection resistance between single\u2010 vs. multiple\u2010sired litters. We found a significant sex difference in infection resistance, but surprisingly, males were more resistant to infection than females. Also, infection resistance was correlated with weight loss during infection, although only for females, indicating that susceptibility to infection had more harmful health consequences for females than for males. To our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence for sex\u2010dependent resistance to <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> infection in house mice. Our results do not support the hypothesis that multiple\u2010sired litters are more likely to survive infection than single\u2010sired litters; however, as we explain, additional studies are required before ruling out this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T12:57:35Z","timestamp":1457355455000},"page":"1142-1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Does multiple paternity influence offspring disease resistance?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"K. 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