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It predicts that individuals of long\u2010lived species favour their own survival over current reproduction, leading individuals to refrain from reproducing under harsh conditions. Here we test this prediction in a long\u2010lived bird species, the Siberian jay<jats:italic>Perisoreus infaustus<\/jats:italic>. Long\u2010term data revealed that females rarely refrain from breeding, but lay smaller clutches in unfavourable years. Neither offspring body size, female survival nor offspring survival until the next year was influenced by annual condition, habitat quality, clutch size, female age or female phenotype. Given that many nests failed due to nest predation, the variance in the number of fledglings was higher than the variance in the number of eggs and female survival. An experimental challenge with a novel pathogen before egg laying largely replicated these patterns in two consecutive years with contrasting conditions. Challenged females refrained from breeding only in the unfavourable year, but no downstream effects were found in either year. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that condition\u2010dependent reproductive allocation may serve to maintain female survival and offspring quality, supporting patterns found in long\u2010lived mammals. We discuss avenues to develop life history theory concerning strategies to offset reproductive costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T14:03:27Z","timestamp":1485785007000},"page":"782-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Reproductive trade\u2010offs in a long\u2010lived bird species: condition\u2010dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Griesser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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