{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:34:19Z","timestamp":1781116459442,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]],"date-time":"2017-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoordska Stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Evolutionary Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antigenic diversity in pathogenic microbes can be a result of at least three different processes: diversifying selection by acquired immunity, host\u2013pathogen coevolution and\/or host specialization. Here, we investigate whether host specialization drives diversity at <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> (which encodes an immunodominant surface protein) in the tick\u2010transmitted bacterium <jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>. We determined prevalence and infection intensity of <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> strains in naturally infected wild mammals (rodents and shrews) by 454 amplicon sequencing in combination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Neither prevalence nor infection intensity of specific <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> strains varied in a species\u2010specific manner (i.e. there were no significant <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0host species interactions). Rankings of <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> prevalences were strongly positively correlated across host species. Rankings of <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> infection intensities were correlated more weakly, but only in one case significantly &lt;\u00a01. <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> prevalences in the studied mammals were similar to those in ticks sampled at the study site, indicating that we did not miss any mammal species that are important hosts for specific <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> strains. Based on this, we conclude that there is at best limited host specialization in <jats:italic>B.\u00a0afzelii<\/jats:italic> and that other processes are likely the main drivers of <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T01:32:38Z","timestamp":1490578358000},"page":"1034-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evolution of antigenic diversity in the tick\u2010transmitted bacterium <i>Borrelia afzelii<\/i>: a role for host specialization?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"R\u00e5berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5.","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bartkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Scherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Strandh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Tschirren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/669905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00153-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Chronic Lyme borreliosis in the laboratory mouse","volume":"143","author":"Barthold S.W.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. 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