{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:41:12Z","timestamp":1777419672053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Evolutionary Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within\u2010host interactions between co\u2010infecting parasites can significantly influence the evolution of key parasite traits, such as virulence (pathogenicity of infection). The type of interaction is expected to predict the direction of selection, with antagonistic interactions favouring more virulent genotypes and synergistic interactions less virulent genotypes. Recently, it has been suggested that virulence can further be affected by the genetic identity of co\u2010infecting partners (G\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0G interactions), complicating predictions on disease dynamics. Here, we used a natural host\u2013parasite system including a fish host and a trematode parasite to study the effects of G\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0G interactions on infection virulence. We exposed rainbow trout (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/jats:italic>) either to single genotypes or to mixtures of two genotypes of the eye fluke <jats:italic>Diplostomum pseudospathaceum<\/jats:italic> and estimated parasite infectivity (linearly related to pathogenicity of infection, measured as coverage of eye cataracts) and relative cataract coverage (controlled for infectivity). We found that both traits were associated with complex G\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0G interactions, including both increases and decreases from single infection to co\u2010infection, depending on the genotype combination. In particular, combinations where both genotypes had low average infectivity and relative cataract coverage in single infections benefited from co\u2010infection, while the pattern was opposite for genotypes with higher performance. Together, our results show that infection outcomes vary considerably between single and co\u2010infections and with the genetic identity of the co\u2010infecting parasites. This can result in variation in parasite fitness and consequently impact evolutionary dynamics of host\u2013parasite interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]],"date-time":"2019-03-09T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1552164526000},"page":"572-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Within\u2010host interactions shape virulence\u2010related traits of trematode genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9757-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Klemme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla  Jyvaskyla Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anssi","family":"Karvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyvaskyla  Jyvaskyla Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.1999.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285830"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zool.2016.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6801093"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases of fish","author":"Chappell L. 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