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However, basic knowledge at the molecular level of the effect of mating on immune function is still lacking in many taxa. Determining whether and how the immune system is engaged after mating is a crucial step in understanding post\u2010mating mechanisms of reproduction and sexual selection. Here, we study the transcriptional changes in immunity\u2010related genes caused by the ejaculate in the female reproductive tract using a model species for sexual selection studies, the guppy\n                    <jats:italic>Poecilia reticulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To study changes triggered by the ejaculate only, rather than caused by mating, we used artificial inseminations to transfer ejaculate into females. We then compared gene expression in the reproductive tract (gonoduct and ovary) of females artificially inseminated either with ejaculate or with a control solution, after 1\u00a0hr and after 6\u00a0hr. Overall, contact with ejaculate caused short\u2010term changes in the expression of immune\u2010related genes in the female reproductive tract, with a complex pattern of up\u2010 and down\u2010regulation of immune\u2010related pathways, but with clear indication of a marked down\u2010regulation of the immune system shortly after ejaculate contact. This suggests a link between immune function and processes occurring between mating and fertilization in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1583778362000},"page":"751-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular insights into post\u2010mating immune response in a fish with internal fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2424-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Pauletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of Padova Legnaro 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