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It originated from an initial trans\u2010Arctic dispersal in the Pliocene after the first opening of the Bering Strait, and subsequent inter\u2010oceanic vicariance through the Pleistocene when the passage through the Arctic was severed by glaciations and low sea levels. Opportunities for further trans\u2010Arctic dispersal have risen at times, however, and molecular data now expose more complex patterns of inter\u2010oceanic affinities and dispersal histories. For a general view on the trans\u2010Arctic dynamics and of the roles of potential dispersal\u2013vicariance cycles in generating systematic diversity, we produced new phylogeographic data sets for amphi\u2010boreal taxa in 21 genera of invertebrates and vertebrates, and combined them with similar published data sets of mitochondrial coding gene variation, adding up to 89 inter\u2010oceanic comparisons involving molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, polychaetes, fishes and mammals. Only 39% of the cases correspond to a simple history of Pliocene divergence; in most taxonomical groups, the range of divergence estimates implies connections through the entire Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene\u2013Holocene time frame. Repeated inter\u2010oceanic exchange was inferred for 23 taxa, and the latest connection was usually post\u2010glacial. Such repeated invasions have usually led to secondary contacts and occasionally to widespread hybridization between the different invasion waves. Late\u2010 or post\u2010glacial exchange was inferred in 46% of the taxa, stressing the importance of the relatively recent invasions to the current diversity in the North Atlantic. Individual taxa also showed complex idiosyncratic patterns and histories, and several instances of cryptic speciation were recognized. In contrast to a simple inter\u2010oceanic vicariance scenario underlying amphi\u2010boreal speciation, the data expose complex patterns of reinvasion and reticulation that complicate the interpretation of taxon boundaries in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T08:27:15Z","timestamp":1594888035000},"page":"73-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Cycles of trans\u2010Arctic dispersal and vicariance, and diversification of the amphi\u2010boreal marine fauna"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8610-6855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna M.","family":"Laakkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hardman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Strelkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology Saint Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Risto","family":"V\u00e4in\u00f6l\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"532","article-title":"Colonization, dispersal, and hybridization influence phylogeography o North Atlantic sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)","volume":"59","author":"Addison J. 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