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Recent studies have indicated that gamete\u2010mediated mate choice likely occurs also in humans, but the mechanistic basis of the process has remained virtually unexplored. Here, we investigated whether female\u2010induced modifications in sperm protein SUMOylation (post\u2010translational modification of the proteome) could serve as a novel mechanism for gamete\u2010mediated mate choice in humans. We treated the sperm of ten males with the oocyte\u2010surrounding bioactive liquid (follicular fluid) of five females and investigated motility, viability and global protein SUMOylation status of the sperm in all (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 50) of these male\u2013female combinations (full\u2010factorial design). All the measured sperm traits were affected by male\u2013female combinations, and sperm protein SUMOylation status was also negatively associated with sperm motility. Furthermore, our results indicate that female\u2010induced sperm protein SUMOylation is selective, potentially allowing females to increase sperm motility in some males, whereas decreasing it in the others. Consequently, our findings suggest that follicular fluid may non\u2010randomly modify the structure and function of sperm proteome and in this way facilitate gamete\u2010mediated mate choice in humans and possibly many other species. However, due to the relatively low number of female subjects and their potential infertility problems, our results should be replicated with larger subset of fully fertile women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T08:22:58Z","timestamp":1641716578000},"page":"254-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Female\u2010induced selective modification of sperm protein SUMOylation\u2014potential mechanistic insights into the non\u2010random fertilization in humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-6797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jukka","family":"Kek\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hiltunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9566-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalaura","family":"Jokiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Kuusipalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Karelia Central Hospital Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Heikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre Joint Authority (ISLAB) North Savonia Regional Laboratory Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonna","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Malinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/685892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2249-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Oviductal extracellular vesicles (oviductosomes, OVS) are conserved in humans: murine OVS play a pivotal role in sperm capacitation and fertility","volume":"24","author":"Bathala P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2016.0173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and evolution of fertilization proteins","volume":"2020","author":"Carlisle J. 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