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Different factors, including the mating strategy and the ability to self\u2010fertilize, are predicted to affect local sperm competition and hence the optimal SA. Moreover, since the local sperm competition experienced by an individual can vary temporally and spatially, this can favour the evolution of sex allocation plasticity. Here, using seven species of the free\u2010living flatworm genus\n                    <jats:italic>Macrostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we document interspecific variation in sex allocation, but neither their mating strategy nor their ability to self\u2010fertilize significantly predicted sex allocation among these species. Since we also found interspecific variation in sex allocation plasticity, we further estimated standardized effect sizes for plasticity in response to (i) the presence of mating partners (i.e. in isolation vs. with partners) and (ii) the strength of local sperm competition (i.e. in small vs. large groups). We found that self\u2010fertilization predicted sex allocation plasticity with respect to the presence of mating partners, with plasticity being lower for self\u2010fertilizing species. Finally, we showed that interspecific variation in sex allocation is higher than intraspecific variation due to sex allocation plasticity. Our study suggests that both sex allocation and sex allocation plasticity are evolutionarily labile, with self\u2010fertilization predicting the latter in\n                    <jats:italic>Macrostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.14020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T12:03:13Z","timestamp":1652875393000},"page":"817-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evolution of sex allocation plasticity in a hermaphroditic flatworm genus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pragya","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Zoological Institute University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Sch\u00e4rer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences Zoological Institute University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Die Turbellarien des Eulitorals der Kieler Bucht","volume":"80","author":"Ax P.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung Fuer Systematik Oekologie Und Geographie Der Tiere"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Les Turbellari\u00e9s des \u00e9tangs c\u00f4tiers du littoral m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en de la France m\u00e9ridionale\u2026 Hermann et Cie","author":"Ax P.","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"696","volume-title":"Plathelminthes aus Brackgew\u00e4ssern der Nordhalbkugel","author":"Ax P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014\u20103820.2003.tb00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.2011.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2011.01483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/evl3.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915\u2010022\u201001234\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169\u20105347(92)90245\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u20105347(00)01872\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095\u20108312.1981.tb00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.5.2480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Sex allocation and local mate competition in barnacles","volume":"1","author":"Charnov E. 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