{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:02:27Z","timestamp":1789488147833,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC1712800,2021YFC1712803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC1712800,2021YFC1712803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82205152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82205152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Evidence Based Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in managing lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but heterogeneous outcome reporting in its trials hinders evidence synthesis. This study intends to develop a core outcome set (COS) for TCM\u2010LDH to standardize reporting and improve research quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Candidate outcomes were identified via a systematic review of TCM\u2010related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for LDH, with studies retrieved from multiple databases between January 1 2019 and December 31 2023 and supplemented by clinical trial registry searches. Semistructured interviews with LDH patients and clinician questionnaires were conducted to refine candidate outcomes. Two Delphi rounds were carried out among clinicians, pharmaceutical researchers, journal editors, methodologists, and patients, followed by an online\u2013offline consensus meeting to finalize the COS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A candidate outcome pool was established via a systematic review (413 RCTs, 51 registered studies), 30 LDH patient interviews, and 73 clinician surveys. After integration, deduplication, and steering committee refinement, two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted. Following a consensus meeting attended by 24 multidisciplinary experts, 7 core outcomes were finalized for LDH: lumbar dysfunction, pain\/discomfort, recurrence rate, straight leg raise angle, adverse reactions\/adverse events, TCM syndromes, and sciatica frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed COS for TCM\u2010related LDH clinical trials provides standardized recommendations for outcome selection and reporting, which can enhance the consistency of research evidence, facilitate meta\u2010analysis, and ultimately advance the quality of TCM\u2010based interventions for LDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.70117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:55:40Z","timestamp":1769741740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing a Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Lumbar Disc Herniation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiaokuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Traditional Chinese Medicine for Preventing and Treating Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine II, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Development Office, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Core Outcome Sets Research Center Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengliang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics Neck\u2010Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Core Outcome Sets Research Center Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liguo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Traditional Chinese Medicine for Preventing and Treating Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Spine II, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Development Office, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Wangjing Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.5.955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2017.01199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517719952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jhsrp.2011.011131"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Methods for Development of a Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine","volume":"19","author":"Qiu R. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"JIM"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"COMET Initiative \u201cCore Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials \u201dCOMET Initiative https:\/\/www.comet\u2010initiative.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"L.ZhuandX.Wei \u201cStudy on the Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Lumbar Disc Herniation \u201dChiCOS (Clinical Trial Core Indicators Study Center) https:\/\/www.chicos.org.cn\/cos\/1689243637039824898."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1978-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30395-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1555-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jebm.70117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jebm.70117","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jebm.70117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:05:10Z","timestamp":1789484710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jebm.70117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jebm.70117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jebm.70117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-5383","1756-5391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-5383","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-5391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70117"}}