{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:13:16Z","timestamp":1696313596673},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale, aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article examines costs to treat latent tuberculosis infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTBI<\/jats:styled-content>) in an urban clinic population and highlights the potential effectiveness of an alternative transitional treatment regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who experienced side effects on the gold standard of 9 months of isoniazid (9<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content>) were either continued on isoniazid or transitioned to 4 months of rifampin (4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> use multilevel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>obit models with selection to analyse whether transitioning to 4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content> is less costly than remaining on 9<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content> among patients experiencing side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results reveal that self\u2010selection is present in this clinic data. Using an ordered probit parametric selection rule to account for selection, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> find transitioning patients to 4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content> costs significantly less than continuing on 9<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content>. This result is especially sensitive to selection: not controlling for selection demonstrates that patients transitioning to 4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content> actually cost significantly more to treat. Post hoc analysis revealed that switching to 4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content> significantly reduced the dropout probability among these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Future work should more carefully assess the clinical attributes, including effectiveness, of treatment with 9<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content> and transitional 4<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIF<\/jats:styled-content> as alternative treatment for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTBI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T22:28:37Z","timestamp":1406932117000},"page":"685-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the impact of patient self\u2010selection on the costs to treat latent tuberculosis infection (<scp>LTBI<\/scp>) with isoniazid and transitional rifampin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Fluegge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics Division of Epidemiology College of Public Health The Ohio State University  Columbus OH USA"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environmental Research (IHER)  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control 2011","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"CDC(2012)Tuberculosis (TB). 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