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This methodological review examined the quality of reporting and application of eligibility criteria in systematic reviews published in three leading medical journals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All systematic reviews in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>BMJ<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>JAMA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>he<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>ancet<\/jats:italic> in the years 2013 and 2014 were extracted. These were assessed using a refined version of a checklist previously designed by the authors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 113 papers were eligible, of which 65 were in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>BMJ<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, 17 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>he<\/jats:italic>\u2005<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>ancet<\/jats:italic> and 31 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>JAMA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Although a generally high level of reporting was found, eligibility criteria were often problematic. In 67% of papers, eligibility was specified after the search sources or terms. Unjustified time restrictions were used in 21% of reviews, and unpublished or unspecified data in 27%. Inconsistency between journals was apparent in the requirements for systematic reviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quality of reviews in these leading medical journals was high; however, there were issues that reduce the clarity and replicability of the review process. As well as providing a useful checklist, this methodological review informs the continued development of standards for systematic reviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T01:35:23Z","timestamp":1442280923000},"page":"1052-1058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Eligibility criteria in systematic reviews published in prominent medical journals: a methodological review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Niall","family":"McCrae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Purssell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing &amp; Midwifery King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Glossary of Terms","author":"AHRQ","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421412111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Higgins J.&Green S. 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