{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:23:52Z","timestamp":1759479832267},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>What determines the ownership of human body parts? In this paper, I argue that this question can be informed by an exploration of the cognitive distinction between property external to the human body such as houses, cars or land, and internal property such as organs that are located within anatomical body confines. Each type of property has distinct brain representations and possibly different effects on the sense of self. This distinction may help explain the divergence in post\u2010donation outcomes seen in different kidney donor populations. Poor outcomes in some types of kidney donors may be due not only to a failure in their proper selection by standard medical testing or post\u2010donation care but may also be a manifestation of differing effects on sense of self resulting from transfer of their internal property. Because a kidney is internal property, a hypothesis worth exploring is that those who experience good outcomes post\u2010donation experience dopaminergic activation and a feeling of reward, while those experiencing bad outcomes are instead overcoming cortisol or adrenergic\u2010based stress or fear responses without a corresponding feeling of reward, disrupting of their sense of self. Discussions about the rules for internal property transfer must be based not only on values and laws designed to govern external property but also on cognitive science\u2010based facts, values and judgments that discussions of external property do not presently accommodate. Any future system of rules for governing organ distribution requires a framework different from that of external property to prevent harm to living kidney donors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T13:50:09Z","timestamp":1463838609000},"page":"539-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distinguishing internal property from external property in kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"G. V. Ramesh","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Michael's Hospital  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e328308b2d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"102","volume-title":"The Ethics of Transplants: Why Careless Thought Costs Lives","author":"Radcliffe\u2010Richards J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305050110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635206001082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65130-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Consciousness: An Introduction","author":"Blackmore S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1088-4963.2008.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01417-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.13.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2012.01534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318186d945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2007.00529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013765"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400846368-006","volume-title":"Our Bodies, Whose Property","author":"Phillips A.","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjep.12571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjep.12571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.12571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jep.12571","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.12571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T08:42:09Z","timestamp":1692434529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jep.12571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jep.12571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.12571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-1294","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]}}}