{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:57:20Z","timestamp":1791932240105,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study aims to compare the accuracy, precision and clarity of responses to dental implant questions from three artificial intelligence (AI) models: ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT\u20104), Gemini (Google) and MedGebra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>56 questions from an EAO patient guide were used and responses from each AI system were evaluated independently by two oral surgery specialists using a four\u2010point Likert scale for correctness, precision and clarity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT consistently scored highest especially in clarity with perfect marks from both evaluators. Gemini ranked lower in accuracy and precision but exhibited similar clarity. MedGebra received the lowest ratings on all criteria. Though consistency generally remained excellent, the inter\u2010rater reliability study revealed some variance in agreement levels between two examiners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT and Gemini provided more accurate and informative responses on dental implants questions compared to MedGebra. According to the findings of the present study AI chatbots have potential for enhancing patient education on dental implants but professional oversight is crucial for ensuring accuracy and reliability. The study highlights the promising and potential benefits of large language models (LLMs) in dental patient education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:42:50Z","timestamp":1762072970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Models in Providing Information on Dental Implants: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT, Gemini and MedGebra"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7267-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kofos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Implantology and Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Fardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Implantology and Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9029-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodoros","family":"Lillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Implantology and Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8628-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotopoulos","family":"Ioannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Implantology and Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nickolaos","family":"Dabarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Implantology and Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki 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