{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T07:10:34Z","timestamp":1776150634071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global prevalence rate of glaucoma blindness is extremely high and is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Despite many advancements in treatment, evaluating glaucoma blindness remains challenging due to the long time required for its development and the combined use of treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment modalities in preventing glaucoma\u2010related blindness using a 5\u2010year retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 1031 glaucoma patients diagnosed between October 2017 and September 2022. Patients with advanced pterygium, corneal opacity, or macular degeneration were excluded. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment modalities (medications, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation [PE with IOL], laser iridotomy [LI], and trabeculectomy) were analyzed. Blindness was defined according to WHO criteria. Multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between blindness and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 1031 patients, 21.0% experienced blindness. Secondary glaucoma (SG) had the highest blindness rate (33.5%) compared to primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (POAG, 19.0%) and primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma (PACG, 19.9%). Multimodal interventions significantly reduced blindness in POAG (adjusted OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38\u20130.87;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), but no significant benefit was observed in PACG or SG. PE with IOL showed the lowest blindness rate (14.9%), while trabeculectomy had the highest (47.2%). Treatment initiation within 5 years of diagnosis did not significantly affect blindness rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimodal interventions effectively reduce blindness in POAG but not in PACG or SG. Future studies should explore the impact of adherence, IOP fluctuation, and secondary glaucoma etiology on outcomes to optimize treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:15:37Z","timestamp":1766996137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of Intervention Effectiveness in Preventing Glaucoma Blindness in a Tertiary Care Setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1152-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thetthar","family":"Kanthar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Phanat Nikhom Hospital  Chonburi Province Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasitpon","family":"Vatcharavongvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3660-4490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanida","family":"Prasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute Nonthaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System","author":"Kolb H.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92971-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.624179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-306102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053805"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"e144","article-title":"Causes of Blindness and Vision Impairment in 2020 and Trends Over 30 Years, and Prevalence of Avoidable Blindness in Relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"2","author":"GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36281\/2021020205"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Prevalence of Glaucomatous Blindness","volume":"38","author":"Sriphon P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaiyaphum Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Department of Opthalmology Phanat Nikhom Hospital. 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