{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:25:33Z","timestamp":1774596333028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the most serious threats to public health is the tobacco epidemic. That's because smoking cigarettes could significantly raise the morbidity and mortality rates of infectious diseases, such as COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the perceived health risks, behavioral change, and predictive factors of university students who were tobacco users during the COVID\u201019 pandemic in Jordan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional design was conducted using a convenience sample of 370 university students in Amman. A self\u2010reported questionnaire was distributed between August 2022 and October 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most commonly used types of tobacco among university students were regular cigarettes (65.4%), water\u2010pipes (47.8%), and e\u2010cigarettes (41.1%). In response to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, 28.1% of participants reported that they attempted quitting, and 6.5% actually stopped using tobacco. Also, 84% of the students believed that smoking negatively impacts their health, and 34% agreed that smoking increases the risk of contracting COVID\u201019 and its severity. Being male or medical student significantly predicted higher mean score of behavioral change or perceived health risks (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public health professionals and policymakers should enhance students' awareness about the health consequences of all types of smoking and increase access to smoking cessation programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:09:26Z","timestamp":1772996966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tobacco Use Among University Students: Perceived Health Risks and Behavioral Change After COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8425-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeel J.","family":"Dabour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing Jordan University of Science &amp; Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesrin N.","family":"Abu\u2010Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing Jordan University of Science &amp; Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahlam S.","family":"Alnatour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Nursing Jordan University of Science &amp; Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6107-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"AlBashtawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing Al al\u2010Bayt University Mafraq Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2016). DrugFacts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products.Drug Facts: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products May 1\u20135 http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/drugfacts\/cigarettes-other-tobacco-products."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (n.d.). Tobacco. World Health Organization https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tobacco."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/123845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19137828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_407_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.3.583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2022.01041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jnsm.jnsm_127_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Department of Statistics. (2022)Population https:\/\/dosweb.dos.gov.jo\/population\/population-2\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Higher Education. (2022).Higher Education in Jordan https:\/\/mohe.gov.jo\/En\/Pages\/Higher_Education_in_Jordan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/TPC\/144499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179173x211053022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13404-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/TID\/125748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42506-019-0011-z"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jep.70399","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:12:50Z","timestamp":1774591970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jep.70399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jep.70399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.70399","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-1294","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70399"}}