{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1787815103322,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Financial ties between healthcare professionals and the medical\u2010device industry raise conflict\u2010of\u2010interest and transparency concerns; despite Japan's 2012 self\u2010regulatory guidelines, device\u2010related payments receive less scrutiny than pharmaceutical payments globally, including in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide the first detailed analysis of honoraria from medical device companies to Japanese physicians in 2019, offering a baseline before the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively examined 2019 payment data from the\n                      <jats:italic>Yen for Docs<\/jats:italic>\n                      database, compiled from disclosures by 118 companies affiliated with the Japan Medical Devices Network and other major firms. The analysis focused on honoraria\u2014lecture, consulting, and writing fees\u2014because these are the only categories disclosed with individual healthcare professionals names. Payments were standardized, cleaned, and aggregated at company and recipient levels. Descriptive analyses identified overall volume, company distribution, and top\u2010earning specialties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2019, 66 companies disclosed 60,161 honorarium payments totaling USD 46.0 million. Most funds (66.7%) were lecture fees, followed by consulting (28.8%) and writing (4.5%). Payments were highly concentrated: the top 10 companies accounted for 63.3% of the total, led by Medtronic, Terumo, and Johnson &amp; Johnson. Among 24,434 recipients, 66.1% received less than USD 1,000, while only seven physicians received more than USD 100,000. Cardiologists (48.0%) and cardiovascular surgeons (24.0%) dominated the top 50 earners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Honoraria from Japan's device industry were modest in scale compared with pharmaceutical companies but highly concentrated among a few firms and cardiovascular specialists. These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive and legally enforceable transparency frameworks to safeguard clinical integrity and public trust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T14:31:29Z","timestamp":1784471489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medical Device Industry Payments to Healthcare Professionals in Japan: A Descriptive Analysis of Scale, Distribution, and Transparency Based on 2019 Disclosure Data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5175-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akemi","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Governance Research Institute Minato City Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo City Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Governance Research Institute Minato City Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michioki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center Sumoto City Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Soma Central Hospital Soma City Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Navitas Clinic Kawasaki Kawasaki City Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Governance Research Institute Minato City Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Breast and Thyroid Center Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation Iwaki City Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","article-title":"Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Guidelines, Advisory Committee Reports, Opinion Pieces, and Narrative Reviews: Associations With Recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Nejstgaard C. H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"Industry Sponsorship and Research Outcome","volume":"2","author":"Lundh A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.762637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Unveiling, Analyzing the Mechanisms of, and Proposing Solutions for Bribery in Japan's Medical Device Sector","volume":"16","author":"Ozaki A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"l6015","article-title":"Association Between Gifts From Pharmaceutical Companies to French General Practitioners and Their Drug Prescribing Patterns in 2016: Retrospective Study Using the French Transparency in Healthcare and National Health Data System Databases","volume":"367","author":"Goupil B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (London)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1303523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-022-00902-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2021.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Japan Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association. Regarding the Transparency Guideline for the Relation Between Corporate Activities and Medical Institutions (July 14 2026 Data Last Accessed) https:\/\/www.jpma.or.jp\/basis\/tomeisei\/aboutguide\/lofurc0000001g37-att\/2604_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"The Japan Federation of Medical Devices Associations. With Medical Institutions and Others in the Medical Device Industry About Transparency Guidelines (July 14 2026 Data Last Accessed) \u00a0https:\/\/www.jfmda.gr.jp\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Transparency-Guidelines-revised-2022-October.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2020.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.3817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2024.100847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","article-title":"Medical Device Industry Payments to Healthcare Professionals and Organizations in Japan: An Evaluation of Scale, Distribution, and Transparency Practices, 2019\u20132022","author":"Hara A.","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Policy and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2025.101081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Japan Medical Devices Network. 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(July 14 2026 Data Last Accessed).https:\/\/www.jfmda.gr.jp\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2024.100865"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jep.70527","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:35:12Z","timestamp":1787812512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jep.70527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jep.70527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.70527","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-1294","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70527"}}