{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1790427714254,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinician distress has been progressively reframed over the past decade: from burnout, construed as an individual failure of resilience, to moral injury, construed as a systemic failure that betrays the practitioner's commitment to the patient. The reframing has correctly relocated responsibility from the individual to the institution, but it has stopped at the level of the injured individual and has not traced what injury does to the composition of the profession itself.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper takes that further step, asking how the distribution of moral residue within clinical teams affects which practitioners remain in the workforce and which leave.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conceptual analysis drawing together three established but largely disconnected literatures: moral distress and its accumulation as moral residue, moral injury, and the normalisation of deviance. Results Felt moral residue is allocated across a clinical team not by causal contribution or culpability but by self\u2010ascribed answerability: the practitioner who construes himself as answerable absorbs the residue, while the practitioner whose omission lay in the causal chain may register nothing. Because accumulated residue drives attrition, and because insensitivity to deviance confers persistence, the institution tends to retain its least morally responsive members and to shed its most responsive. Conscience thus behaves as a trait under negative institutional selection, degrading the moral composition of the workforce as a structural matter and independently of any individual's choices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On this account, interventions directed at the distress of the conscientious, absent structural change, may accelerate rather than arrest the drift. Implications for professional self\u2010governance and for the design of clinical institutions are drawn.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:47:46Z","timestamp":1788893266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse Moral Selection: Moral Injury and the Moral Composition of the Clinical Workforce"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.4030020205"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","unstructured":"S. G.TalbotandW.Dean \u201cPhysicians Aren't \u2018Burning Out.\u2019 They're Suffering From Moral Injury \u201d July2018 https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2018\/07\/26\/physicians-not-burning-out-they-are-suffering-moral-injury\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036090"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.003"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Reframing Clinician Distress: Moral Injury Not Burnout","volume":"36","author":"Dean W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Federal Practitioner"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Margin of Error: The Ethics of Mistakes in the Practice of Medicine","author":"Webster G. C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/JCE200920406"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","volume-title":"Nursing Practice: The Ethical Issues","author":"Jameton A.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","volume-title":"The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA","author":"Vaughan D.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001786-200610000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13564"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139165860.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Mortal Questions","author":"Nagel T.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/philtopics199624222"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/659003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2019.1586008"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3912\/OJIN.Vol15No03Man01"}],"container-title":["Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70584","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jep.70584","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jep.70584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:32:34Z","timestamp":1790425954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jep.70584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jep.70584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.70584","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1356-1294","1365-2753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1356-1294","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70584"}}