{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:46:40Z","timestamp":1791740800912,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evaluation Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rational<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies indicate that physicians' and nurses' clinical reasoning partly relies on relational and contextual knowledge, known as \u2018Know\u2010Who.\u2019<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated whether community pharmacists also use \u2018Know\u2010Who\u2019 in pharmaceutical interventions concerning antimicrobial prescriptions and how it shapes their decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study involved face\u2010to\u2010face interviews with fifteen French community pharmacists. Two independent researchers analysed the data thematically using an integrative approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacists reported that their decisions relied not only on theoretical and practical knowledge but also on \u2018Know\u2010Who\u2019\u2014their understanding of prescribers, patients, and peers. They form implicit mental maps of prescribers based on experience, observation, and, at times, stereotypes. These maps influence confidence in prescriptions, the tailoring of counselling strategies, and the anticipation of prescribers' reactions. Patients' behaviour, understanding, and financial constraints also shape the content, duration, and tone of counselling. While initial prescription analysis was similar across staff, final decision\u2010making was often guided by the pharmacy owner. Overall, \u2018Know\u2010Who\u2019 complements theoretical and procedural knowledge, enabling pharmacists to evaluate information credibility, adapt communication and decisions, and anticipate reactions in contextually complex situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community pharmacists integrate \u2018Know\u2010Who\u2019 with theoretical and practical knowledge to make contextually informed, patient\u2010centered decisions. This relational dimension enables them to manage uncertainty, optimise communication, and foster effective interprofessional collaboration. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating relational and contextual knowledge into pharmacy education and training, and suggest that acknowledging the role of \u2018Know\u2010Who\u2019 could enhance both the safety and quality of pharmaceutical care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:24:48Z","timestamp":1791739488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Community Pharmacists Use Their Know\u2010Who When Dispensing Medicines: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Slekovec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of health Sciences University Marie and Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"Infection Prevention and Control Department University Hospital Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"UMR 6249 CNRS Chrono\u2010environnement University Marie and Louis Pasteur Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Joly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice\/Family Medicine Research Unit Primary Care &amp; Health Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Pelaccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Training and Research in Health Sciences Education (CFRPS), Faculty of Medicine University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France"},{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care Service (SAMU 67) Strasbourg University Hospital Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"532","volume-title":"Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions\u20144th Edition [Internet]","author":"Higgs J.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2022.09.011","article-title":"Clinical Reasoning by Pharmacists: A Scoping Review","volume":"14","author":"Mertens J. 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