{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:40:16Z","timestamp":1780389616773,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyze 50 smiles using 3D stereophotogrammetry (3D\u2010spg)\u2010based facial reconstruction, to calculate ratios involving measurements of the distances between dental and facial landmarks and to compare these ratios with the golden ratio \u03c6 (1.618).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty subjects with no obvious malocclusion participated in this study. For each subject, 4 photographs were acquired using the LifeViz Mini\u2122, an absolute calibration 3D\u2010spg system. Facial and dental landmarks (based on Farkas' definitions) were fixed, and 8 distances were measured. Four ratios were then calculated and compared with the value of 1.618.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ratio \u201cincisal edge of the maxillary central incisor\u2014lower border of the chin\/subnasal point\u2014incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor\u201d (IE\u2010Me\/SN\u2010IE) was 1.693\u2009\u00b1\u20090.190, the ratio \u201cright endocanthion\u2014left endocanthion\/right exocanthion\u2014right endocanthion\u201d was 1.582\u2009\u00b1\u20090.173, the ratio \u201cincisal edge of the maxillary central incisor\u2014distal edge of the right canine\/distal edge of the right canine\u2014right labial commissure\u201d was 1.670\u2009\u00b1\u20090.355, and the ratio \u201cright labial commissure\u2014left labial commissure\/distal edge of the right canine\u2014distal edge of the left canine\u201d was 1.602\u2009\u00b1\u20090.136. In contrast, the vertical ratio IE\u2010Me\/SN\u2010IE significantly differed from the golden ratio (1 sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that the observed ratios were surprisingly close to the golden ratio. Only the vertical ratio differed from the golden ratio, whereas the horizontal ratios appear to be adequately approximated by \u03c6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>If the distances from reference points of the face to teeth within a harmonious smile exhibited recurring esthetic proportions, knowledge of such ratios would provide an additional tool for the elaboration of esthetic treatment plans. In addition, this knowledge could provide guidance when planning tooth positions and dental proportions by encouraging consideration of the global nature of the oro\u2010facial sphere.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T06:02:55Z","timestamp":1496210575000},"page":"416-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional stereophotogrammetric analysis of 50 smiles: A study of dento\u2010facial proportions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Ceinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, UFR Odontologie Nice France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9, ADES Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, UFR Odontologie Nice France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, MICORALIS Nice France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, P\u00f4le d'Odontologie Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DDS private practice Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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