{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:56:49Z","timestamp":1792803409507,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) can promote bonding between commonly used adhesive monomers and zirconia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The zirconia surface and monomers (HEMA, BisGMA, TEGDMA, and MDP) were treated with different NTAP approaches (10\u2009w, 30\u2009s), and the surface characteristics and chemical structures between the zirconia surface and monomers were verified by the contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR\/FT\u2010IR) spectroscopy, and x\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scotchbond Universal adhesive with two different resin cements, RelyX Ultimate and RelyX Unicem 2, was applied, followed by NTAP\u2010aided clinical procedures, and\u2009then microtensile bond strength test (\u03bcTBS) and failure mode evaluation were tested for preliminary mechanical properties assessment. One\u2010way ANOVA was employed for the statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contact angle analysis, SEM, and ATR\u2010FTIR confirmed that NTAP can promote the polymerization of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and MDP on the zirconia surface, while XPS confirmed that NTAP can induce a chemical reaction between MDP and zirconia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonthermal atmospheric plasma can increase the affinity between selected monomers and zirconia and promote the chemical bonding strength between phosphate monomers and zirconia; besides, it can enhance the bonding strength of two different adhesive systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanism of how NTAP improved common adhesive monomers interacting with zirconia surfaces was revealed in this study. NTAP, as a relatively high energy\u2010boosting method, could not only improve the\u2009surface affinity of zirconia and chemical bonding in\u2010between monomers and zirconia but also enhance the\u2009polymerization of different monomers onto zirconia, resulting in improved bonding properties. Thus, further exploration of versatile bonding materials and\/or onto different dental substrates could take this into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1729672802000},"page":"950-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Bonding Between Adhesive Monomers and Zirconia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan) Southern Medical University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"School of Stomatology Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6DT03484E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0838-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12203321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517737483"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Evaluation of a Commercial Primer for Bonding of Zirconia to Two Different Resin Composite Cements","volume":"16","author":"Chen C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26415275.2022.2064289"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Clinical Significance of Bis\u2010GMA and HEMA Orthodontic Resins Bonding to Enamel and Ceramic Materials","volume":"37","author":"Reichheld T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2018-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2012.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11040320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg5686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.10.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Short\u2010 and Long\u2010Term Evaluation of Dentin\u2010Resin Interfaces Formed by Etch\u2010and\u2010Rinse Adhesives on Plasma\u2010Treated Dentin","volume":"18","author":"Hirata R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Adhesive Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2563-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14041026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13030470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.10.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Bonding of Composite Cements Containing 10\u2010MDP to Zirconia Ceramics Without Dedicated Ceramic Primer","volume":"26","author":"Ramos R. 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