{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:10Z","timestamp":1791237670249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030981","name":"Ivoclar Vivadent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the in vivo color range of human teeth using a research\u2010grade noncontact spectroradiometer, analyzing the effects of gender, age, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors, including diet, smoking, and oral hygiene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1004 participants were recruited at two research sites and stratified by gender, age, and ethnicity, and data on their dietary and oral habits were collected. Noninvasive color measurements of an upper central incisor were performed using a spectroradiometer and a fiber\u2010coupled Xe\u2010Arc light source. Color differences were computed using the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas, statistically analyzed, and interpreted through comparisons with 50:50% perceptibility (PT) and acceptability (AT) thresholds for dentistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color coordinate values varied significantly. Female teeth appeared lighter and less yellow than men's. Age correlated with darker, more chromatic teeth, stabilizing only after Age 46. Significant ethnic differences were observed, particularly between African\u2010American and Asian participants. Coffee consumption impacted teeth yellowness and chromaticity, while tea had no significant effect. Frequent tooth brushing led to lighter teeth, and tooth whitening considerably influenced color, emphasizing the effect of cosmetic dental treatments. Smoking showed minimal impact, with slight discoloration noted among light smokers compared to nonsmokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Color coordinate values by gender, age, and ethnicity exhibited statistically significant differences and, in most cases, noticeable color differences. With exceptions, the dietary\/oral habits of the patient had a significant impact on the color of human teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings from this study provide detailed information and understanding of the color range and distribution of human teeth, which can help enhance the esthetic outcome of dental care and, consequently, the patient's satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T12:49:33Z","timestamp":1729774173000},"page":"106-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Color Ranges and Distribution of Human Teeth: A Prospective Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Ghinea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics University of Granada Faculty of Sciences  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics (PCBB) University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston  Houston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3220-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. J.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Automatics and Robotics University of Granada School of Technology and Telecommunication Engineering  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ruiz\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics University of Granada Faculty of Sciences  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Sly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8459-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. D.","family":"Paravina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics (PCBB) University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston  Houston USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2023.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0680-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00454-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6378(200002)25:1<43::AID-COL6>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2020.108504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"CIE 015:2018 Colorimetry","author":"CIE Central Bureau","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Technical Report: Dentistry\u2014Guidance on Color Measurements","author":"ISO\/TR 28642: 2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"ISO\/CIE 11664\u20136:202\u2013Colorimetry\u2014Part 6: CIEDE2000 Colour\u2010Difference Formula","author":"CIE Central Bureau","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.1994.tb00153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(08)60155-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Impact of Demographic, Behavioral, and Dental Care Utilization Parameters on Tooth Color and Personal Satisfaction","volume":"29","author":"Odioso L. 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