{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:03:49Z","timestamp":1768745029759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309658\/2022\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309658\/2022\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study evaluated the impact of dentifrices containing amine fluoride (AmF) and\/or tin on tooth discoloration and surface roughness under cycles of staining and abrasion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Specimens of enamel (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910) and dentin (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200919) were allocated into six groups: (1) Negative control (Distilled water), (2) NaF (regular fluoridated dentifrice without amine and tin), (3) AmF, (4) AmF\/NaF\/SnCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , (5) SnF\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/SnCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and (6) SnF\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n . Daily staining\u2010toothbrushing cycling was performed: staining solution (30\u2009min), toothbrushing (45 strokes), and human saliva (1\u2009h), 2\u00d7\/day, for 21\u2009days. Tooth color change (\u0394\n E<\/jats:italic>\n , \u0394\n L<\/jats:italic>\n , \u0394\n a<\/jats:italic>\n , and \u0394\n b<\/jats:italic>\n ) was determined using a spectrophotometer (CIEDE2000), while surface roughness (\u0394Ra) was measured with an optical profilometer, and the data were statistically analyzed (\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n For enamel, no significant differences in \u0394\n E<\/jats:italic>\n were observed among groups; however, for dentin, AmF exhibited the highest \u0394\n E<\/jats:italic>\n value, differing from all groups except Negative control (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Both substrates showed a decrease in luminosity (\u2212\u0394\n L<\/jats:italic>\n ), with significant differences in dentin for the AmF group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). For dentin, all groups showed an increase in tooth yellowness (+\u0394\n b<\/jats:italic>\n ); while for enamel, only the tin\u2010containing groups showed this effect. All groups showed an increase in surface roughness after cycling. Enamel Ra showed significant differences post\u2010treatment, with AmF differing from NaF\/AmF\/SnCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.012) and control (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.042). Correlations between \u0394Ra and \u0394\n E<\/jats:italic>\n were weak in both substrates (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.12 for enamel;\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.22 for dentin).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Brushing with AmF\/NaF\/SnCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , SnF\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/SnCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and SnF\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010containing toothpastes promoted a yellowing of enamel. Brushing with AmF resulted in the greatest darkening of dentin compared with other fluoride salts.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Significance<\/jats:title>\n Some components in dentifrices can induce tooth discoloration, which seems to impact dental aesthetics; therefore, clinicians should advise patients on potential color alterations when choosing specific dentifrice products.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T02:10:56Z","timestamp":1739499056000},"page":"1585-1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of Amine and\/or Tin\u2010Containing Dentifrices on Tooth Discoloration and Surface Properties"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mariana Beraldo","family":"Maia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Tawil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabela Souza","family":"Vardasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Cust\u00f3dio","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Governador Valadares Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savio Jos\u00e9 Cardoso","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cec\u00edlia Correa","family":"Aranha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4445-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta\u00eds","family":"Scaramucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo, School of Dentistry S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Extrinsic Stain Removal With a Sodium Hexametaphosphate\u2010Containing Dentifrice: Comparisons to Marketed Controls","volume":"13","author":"Gerlach R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2010.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806\u201083242014.50000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104945"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12030064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"32A","article-title":"A Randomized Clinical Study Investigating the Staining Profile of an Experimental Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice","volume":"26","author":"Nehme M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010014\u20101328\u20109"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"An Exploratory Study to Investigate Stain Build\u2010Up With Long Term Use of a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice","volume":"31","author":"Milleman K. 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