{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:07:34Z","timestamp":1790795254566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine factors affecting color change in computer\u2010aided design and computer\u2010aided manufacturing (CAD\u2010CAM) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) interim fixed restorations, including resin coating, fabrication methods, staining solutions, and thermocycling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 144 CAD\u2010CAM PMMA specimens\u2014both 3D\u2010printed and milled types (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200972 each)\u2014were divided into non\u2010coated and resin\u2010coated subgroups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936 each). After 5000 thermocycling cycles, specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) were immersed in coffee, cola, or red grape juice for 28\u2009days. Color measurements were taken before and after coating, after thermocycling, and after immersion at 7, 14, and 28\u2009days using a spectrophotometer. Color difference (\u2206<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>) values were analyzed using paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and multiple linear regression (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D\u2010printed PMMA exhibited significantly greater color change than milled PMMA after 7\u2009days of immersion, with no significant differences observed at later intervals. Resin glaze coatings reduced color changes in both CAD\u2010CAM PMMA materials under thermocycling and staining exposure. Coffee had the most significant impact on color change. Thermocycling caused color changes in both CAD\u2010CAM PMMA materials, with 3D\u2010printed PMMA showing more significant discoloration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fabrication methods, surface coatings, staining solutions, and thermocycling influence the color stability of CAD\u2010CAM PMMA. Resin glaze coatings effectively reduce discoloration under both thermocycling and staining conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resin coatings significantly reduce color change in both 3D\u2010printed and milled interim fixed PMMA restorations, particularly in the 3D\u2010printed PMMA, and can maintain clinically acceptable color stability for approximately 7\u2009months in the oral environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T02:39:23Z","timestamp":1751596763000},"page":"2270-2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Surface Coating, Thermocycling, and Staining Solutions on the Color Stability of <scp>CAD<\/scp>\u2010<scp>CAM<\/scp> Polymethyl Methacrylate Interim Fixed Restorations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Onauma","family":"Angwaravong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasicha","family":"Sirichay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teerarat","family":"Pengsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pancheewa","family":"Sooksuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5680-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thidarat","family":"Angwarawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2024.16.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10060663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2020.12.4.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2022.180248.2374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_1_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app132111895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs5040106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053\u20101591\/ac406e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_401_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15517\/ijds.2022.49149"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Staining of Resin\u2010Based Veneering Materials With Coffee and Tea","volume":"22","author":"Um C. M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany: 1985)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100042\u20101759886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2020.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13235359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis6050073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/jos.2023.131316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7080339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022391304001283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15175831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111570"}],"container-title":["Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jerd.13513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:48:50Z","timestamp":1758721730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jerd.13513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jerd.13513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jerd.13513","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1496-4155","1708-8240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1496-4155","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8240","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}