{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:40:36Z","timestamp":1792654836108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Esthet Restor Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate how variations in smile arc and facial pattern influence the perception of male facial attractiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine standardized frontal photographs of a male model were digitally modified to generate three smile arc configurations (consonant, straight, and inverted) and three facial patterns (brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial). A total of 134 evaluators (67 laypersons and 67 orthodontists) rated the images using a 5\u2010point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using cumulative link mixed models (CLMM), incorporating evaluator category, sex, smile arc type, and facial pattern as fixed effects, with evaluator ID as a random intercept.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consonant smile arc consistently received the highest attractiveness scores, whereas the inverted smile produced the most pronounced negative impact. The mesofacial pattern was rated more favorably than the brachyfacial pattern. A significant interaction was observed between smile arc, facial pattern, and presentation format, indicating that evaluators' perceptions were modulated by the combined esthetic cues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smile arc morphology and facial pattern exert meaningful influence on perceived facial attractiveness. The inverted smile arc was associated with the lowest aesthetic ratings, while the mesofacial pattern achieved the most favorable evaluations. The interaction between these variables highlights the importance of integrating both facial pattern and smile arc characteristics when planning aesthetic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.70264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:11:52Z","timestamp":1792653112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Facial Pattern and Smile Arc on the Perception of Male Facial Attractiveness"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia Gloria Diana Aguilar","family":"Pizzurno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2684-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Vanessa","family":"Oltramari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7915-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine Bittencourt","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia de Castro","family":"Ferreira Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Rodrigues","family":"Almeida\u2010Pedrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Anhanguera\u2010Uniderp  Campo Grande Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.027","article-title":"The Enigma of Facial Beauty: Esthetics, Proportions, Deformity, and Controversy","volume":"130","author":"Naini F. 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